| 单词 | 魔鬼 |
| 释义 | 〔hell〕The boss is hell when a job is poorly done.每当工作做得不好时，那老板简直成了魔鬼〔demonize〕To possess by or as if by a demon.着魔：被或似乎被魔鬼控制〔wit〕"Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the Devil; for which reason I have, long since, as good as renounced it" (Thomas Carlyle). “现在我开始认识到讽剌在总体上是魔鬼的语言；因此很久已来我已不用它了” （托马斯·卡莱尔）。〔Mephistopheles〕The devil in the Faust legend to whom Faust sold his soul.墨菲斯托菲里斯：浮士德传说中的魔鬼，浮士德将自己的灵魂出卖给了这个魔鬼〔conjure〕To summon a devil by magic or supernatural power.施妖术：用魔力或超自然力召唤魔鬼〔metamorphose〕"His eyes turned bloodshot, and he was metamorphosed into a raging fiend"(Jack London)“他两眼血红，霎时变成了一个暴怒的魔鬼”(杰克·伦敦)〔nightmare〕A demon or spirit once thought to plague sleeping people.梦魔：被认为折磨睡觉的人的魔鬼或灵魂〔fearsome〕"The Devil is a fearsome enemy"(Jimmy Breslin)“魔鬼是可怕的敌人”(吉米·布雷斯林)〔Bierce〕American writer whose caustic wit and sense of realistic horror characterize his works, includingIn the Midst of Life (1891-1892) and The Devil's Dictionary (1906). 比尔斯，安布罗斯·格威纳特：(1842-1914?) 美国作家，其作品特色为辛辣诙谐，有现实色彩的恐怖惊险，包括《在生命中》 （1891-1892年）和 《魔鬼的字典》 （1906年） 〔demonic〕Befitting a demon; fiendish.恶魔般的：适合作魔鬼的；魔鬼似的〔bad〕"this wicked man Hitler, the repository and embodiment of many forms of soul-destroying hatred, this monstrous product of former wrongs and shame" (Winston S. Churchill). “这个邪恶的人-希特勒，是很多切齿仇恨的堆积和化身，是从前错误和耻辱的魔鬼产物” （温斯顿S·丘吉尔）〔dominion〕"The devil . . . has their souls in his possession, and under his dominion"(Jonathan Edwards)“魔鬼占有了他们的灵魂，使他们受魔鬼驱遣”(乔纳森·爱德华)〔ragamuffin〕Perhapsragamuffin should be seen as an example of melioration, or improvement in the sense of a word, since it can now be used rather affectionately of children who are normally far from dirty or unkempt.In any event,even its use for an unkempt child or man represents something of an improvementover one of its earliest uses.Ragamuffin was a name given to a demon in Piers Plowman, an allegorical poem of the 14th century. This name was once thought to be the source of our word,but researches at theMiddle English Dictionary have shown that the word was used as the last name of a woman, Isabella Ragamuffyn, earlier in the 14th century (1344), before the poem was composed.The word even then had the sense "ragged lout, tattered oaf,”though it was found only in names.The elementraga- is probably from the Middle English adjective raggi, "ragged,” also used of the devil in the sense "shaggy" and as a name.The element-muffin is probably from Middle Dutch moffel or muffe, "mitten.” 也许ragamuffin 这个词应该看作词义变良或改善的例子， 因为它现在可以用来充满感情地指那些按常规来说远非肮脏或不整洁的孩子。不论如何，即使它被用来指那些不整洁的孩子或大人的时候，其用法较最初也有了很大提高。Ragamuffin 是14世纪的一部寓言诗 犁者码头 中一个魔鬼的名字。 这个名字一度被认为是本词的来源，但对中世纪英语词典 的研究表明这个词曾在14世纪早期(1344年）用作一位妇女的姓，伊莎贝拉·拉格姆芬， 这早于那首诗创作之前。这个词甚至还曾有衣裳破烂的粗人、褴褛的呆子的意思，尽管此词仅见于姓名。构词成分raga- 可能源自中古英语的形容词 raggi “破烂的”， 也曾以“毛长而参差不齐”这个意思用于魔鬼和人名。构词成分-muffin 可能来自中世纪荷兰语中 moffel 或意为“连指手套”的 muffe 〔sell〕sell one's soul to the devil.把自己的灵魂卖给了魔鬼〔devilish〕Of, resembling, or characteristic of a devil, as:魔鬼似的：魔鬼的，似魔鬼的或魔鬼特性的，如：〔diabolical〕from Latin diabolus [devil] * see devil 源自 拉丁语 diabolus [魔鬼] * 参见 devil〔maya〕The power of a god or demon to transform a concept into an element of the sensible world.空幻境界：神或魔鬼所具有的能将观念转化为可感知世界的一个元素的力量〔powwow〕Because trances were so important to the Native American shaman as a means of getting in touch with spiritual forces beyond the ken of the normal person,the titlepowwaw, literally meaning "one who has visions,” was accorded him. One of the occurrences of this word in an early piece of propaganda designed to bring more settlers to New Englandrepresents fairly well the Puritan attitudes to the religion of the native inhabitants of the New World:"The office and dutie of the Powah is to be exercised principally in calling upon the Devil;and curing diseases of the sicke or wounded.”The word whose spelling was eventually settled in English aspowwow was also used as the name for ceremonies and councils, probably because of the important role played by the shaman in both.After the native peoples had been dealt withand the fear of devil worship was somewhat diminished,the newcomers decided that they could have powwows too,the first reference to one of these being recorded in the Salem, Massachusetts,Gazette of 1812: "The Warriors of the Democratic Tribe will hold a powwow at Agawam on Tuesday next.”The verbpowwow, "to confer,” was recorded even earlier, in 1780. 因为作为一种超出常人理解范围的与神灵联系的方式，催眠对于北美印第安人巫师来说是如此重要，故巫师被冠以字面意思为“有洞察力的人”的powwaw 这一名称。 这个词在早期为鼓励更多人去新英格兰定居而作的宣传中的出现，它很好地证明了清教徒们对于美洲大陆土著居民宗教的态度：“帕瓦仪式的职责与义务主要就是用来召唤魔鬼；治愈病人或伤者。”这个在英语中最后以powwow 的拼写形式固定下来的词也用作仪式及会议的名称， 这也许是因为巫师在两者中都起着重要作用。在与土著居民进行接触以后，随着对其魔鬼崇拜的恐惧逐渐消逝，那些新来者决定他们也可以举行帕瓦仪式，1812年马萨诸塞州塞勒姆的时事报 第一次提及了这种会议： “下星期二民主党派的斗士们将在阿加瓦姆召开会议”。动词意为“商讨”的powwow 则早在1780年就有记载了 〔Eblis〕The principal evil spirit or devil of Islamic mythology.埃不里斯魔王：伊斯兰神话中的恶魔头或魔鬼〔shirk〕Perhaps from German Schurke [scoundrel] ; akin to Old High German fiurscurgo [demon] 可能源自 德语 Schurke [流氓] ；类似于 古高地德语 fiurscurgo [魔鬼] 〔possession〕The state of being dominated by or as if by evil spirits or by an obsession.入迷，着魔：（好象）被魔鬼或妄想控制了的状态〔clever〕Being too clever is thought to be unwise,and support for this popular notion may be afforded by the fact that the devil seems to have been the first "clever" one in English.The source of our wordclever is probably the Middle English word cliver, recorded only once in a work written before 1250,in which it is said that the devil is "cliver on sinnes.”This means something like "skillful in respect to sins.”Cliver probably goes back to the Indo-European root gleubh-, "to cut, cleave.” Although the intermediate ancestry ofcliver is unclear, the semantic connection has to do with penetration or incisiveness—that is, cutting through to the heart of the matter,just as a woodcarver cuts through material in order to realize a certain vision.太聪明被认为是愚蠢的，英语中魔鬼被认为是第一“聪明的”，这一事实可能是这一普遍概念的例证。clever 的词源可能是中世纪英语单词 cliver , 仅在一本1250年以前写的著作中出现过一次，书中说魔鬼“在犯罪方面很聪明”。这个含义有些类似于“在犯罪方面很有本事。”Cliver 可以追溯到印欧词根 gleubh- “切、削”。 虽然cliver 的中介来源尚不清楚， 但语义的联系肯定与穿透力或透彻性有关--即穿透事物的本质，就象木工劈开材料以了解其内在材质〔enlighten〕"Enlighten the people generally, and tyranny and oppression of body and mind will vanish like evil spirits at the dawn of day"(Thomas Jefferson)“普遍启迪人民群众，暴君和压迫阶级的主体和心智就会象魔鬼在黎明时分一样消逝”(托马斯·杰斐逊)〔conjure〕To summon (a devil or spirit) by magical or supernatural power.念咒召唤：通过魔力或超自然力召唤（魔鬼或神灵）〔abyss〕The abode of evil spirits; hell.地狱，阴间：魔鬼的居住地；地狱〔demoniac〕demoniac creatures.受魔鬼控制的生物〔demoniac〕One who is or seems to be possessed by a demon.着魔的人：被（或看上去象被）魔鬼控制的人〔Python〕A soothsaying spirit or demon.巫：能够预言将来的精灵或魔鬼〔demonology〕Belief in or worship of demons.魔鬼信仰：对魔鬼的信奉或崇拜〔diabolism〕Dealings with or worship of the devil or demons; sorcery.信魔；着魔：魔鬼或恶魔的涉及或崇拜；巫术〔harlequin〕from Old French Herlequin, Hellequin [a demon] 源自 古法语 Herlequin, Hellequin [魔鬼] 〔hell〕Often Hell The abode of condemned souls and devils in some religions; the place of eternal punishment for the wicked after death, presided over by Satan. 常作 Hell 地狱：某些宗教中被判有罪的灵魂或魔鬼居住的地方；邪恶之人死后永远受惩罚的地方，由撒旦统治〔sinister〕"The Devil . . . with jealous leer malign/Eyed them askance" (John Milton).“魔鬼用那邪恶与嫉妒的目光瞟着他们” （约翰·密尔顿）〔diablerie〕Representation of devils or demons, as in paintings or fiction.魔鬼般的智能：魔鬼或恶作剧般的表现，如表现在绘画或写作上的才能〔demonize〕To turn into or as if into a demon.使成为魔鬼：使变成或似乎变成魔鬼〔anatomize〕"Pynchon is the devil who went beyond the grave to anatomize the remains of the modern soul"(Josephine Hendin)See Synonyms at analyze “品钦是个爬出墓穴解剖现代人灵魂残片的魔鬼”(约瑟芬·亨丁) 参见 analyze〔sanbenito〕A garment of sackcloth worn at an auto-da-fé of the Spanish Inquisition by condemned heretics, being yellow with red crosses for the penitent and black with painted flames and devils for the impenitent.悔罪服：西班牙宗教裁判所审判仪式上被判罪的异教徒穿的一种粗麻布服装，忏悔者穿的为黄色，上有红十字图案；执迷不悟者穿的为黑色，上面绘有火焰和魔鬼图案〔demoniac〕Possessed, produced, or influenced by a demon:魔鬼的：被魔鬼占有、创造或影响的：〔ghoul〕An evil spirit or demon in Moslem folklore believed to plunder graves and feed on corpses.食尸鬼：穆斯林教传说中一种邪恶的灵魂或魔鬼，他们盗掘坟墓并吃死尸〔Demogorgon〕A terrifying ancient deity or demon of the underworld.冥府之神：古代一位地狱中可怕的神或魔鬼 |
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