| 单词 | 鳄鱼 |
| 释义 | 〔crocodile〕Any of various large aquatic reptiles, chiefly of the genusCrocodylus, native to tropical and subtropical regions and having thick, armorlike skin and long, tapering jaws. 鳄鱼：任一种原产于热带和亚热带地区的鳄 属大型水栖爬行动物，生有厚的、甲状皮肤以及长而逐渐变细的尾巴 〔saurian〕Any of various reptiles of the suborder Sauria, which includes the lizards and in former classifications also the crocodiles and dinosaurs.蜥蜴：任一种蜥蜴目爬行动物，包括蜥蜴，在以前分类中还包括鳄鱼和恐龙〔alligatoring〕[From the resemblance of the cracks to the pattern of an alligator's scales] [源自似鳄鱼鳞甲图案的裂纹] 〔gavial〕A large reptile(Gavialis gangeticus) of southern Asia, related to and resembling the crocodiles and having a long, slender snout. Also called gharial 印度食鱼鳄：一种（印度食鱼鳄） 巨大的爬行动物生于南亚，与鳄鱼近缘并且相似，有长而细的鼻子 也作 gharial〔archosaur〕A reptile of the subclass Archosauria, which includes the dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and the modern crocodilians.初龙，古龙，祖龙：初龙亚纲的爬行动物，包括恐龙、翼龙和现代的鳄鱼〔alligator〕an alligator pond; an alligator handbag.鳄鱼塘；鳄鱼皮手提包〔caiman〕Any of various tropical American crocodilians of the genusCaiman and related genera, resembling and closely related to the alligators. 凯门鳄：一种凯门鳄 属美洲热带鳄鱼以及相关的种类，与短吻鳄相类似，并与之有着较近的亲缘关系 〔see〕"He [man] viewed the crocodile as a thing sometimes to worship, but always to run away from" (Thomas De Quincey).“他［人类］ 把鳄鱼看成可以崇拜的东西，但又经常从鳄鱼那儿逃离” （托玛斯·德·昆西）。〔reptile〕Any of various cold-blooded, usually egg-laying vertebrates of the class Reptilia, such as a snake, lizard, crocodile, turtle, or dinosaur, having an external covering of scales or horny plates and breathing by means of lungs.爬行动物：一种爬行纲的冷血的、通常是卵生的脊椎动物，例如蛇、晰蜴、鳄鱼、乌龟或恐龙，具有鳞状外皮或角质板块结构并用肺进行呼吸〔Everglades〕A subtropical swamp area of southern Florida includingEverglades National Park. It is noted for its wildlife, especially crocodiles, alligators, and egrets. 埃弗格来兹：美国佛罗里达州南部的一片亚热带沼泽地区，内有大沼泽国家公园 ，以其内的野生动物，特别以鳄鱼、短吻鳄鱼和白鹭而闻名 〔alligator〕Often used to modify another noun:鳄鱼，鳄鱼皮：常用来修饰另一个名词：〔mugger〕from Sanskrit makaraḥ [crocodile] 源自 梵文 makaraḥ [鳄鱼] 〔labyrinthodont〕Of or relating to the superorder Labyrinthodontia, an extinct group of amphibians resembling crocodiles and having a labyrinthine tooth structure.迷齿亚纲动物：有迷齿纲总目的动物或同迷齿纲总目有关的动物，是一群与鳄鱼相象的已灭绝两栖动物，长有结构复杂的牙齿〔crocodilian〕Of, relating to, or resembling a crocodile.鳄鱼的：鳄鱼的、与之有关的或象鳄鱼的〔crocodile〕The crocodile may owe its name to its resemblance to a much smaller creature, a lizard that lived in the stone walls of Ionia.This lizard's name,krokodilos, is thought to be a compound of krokē, "pebble, gravel,” and drilos, which is only attested as meaning "circumcised man" but is assumed to mean "worm" as well. According to Herodotus, Ionians in Egypt noted the resemblance, probably humorously, between basking crocodiles and their own "worm of the stones.”The modern form of Englishcrocodile represents a return to the Classical Latin spelling crocodīlus, Latin having borrowed the word from Greek.But other spellings occurred in Classical Greek and Latin, and one of these Latin spellings,cocodrillus, passed into Medieval Latin and Old French (cocodril ) and then into English, so that our earliest possible use of the word, in a work perhaps composed before 1300, is spelledcokedrille. It was not until the 16th century that the word came to have its present spelling.The various spellings met with in the history ofcrocodile reflect the same sort of variations that occurred in the history of alligator. 鳄鱼可能是因为与一种比它小得多的生物，即生长在爱奥尼亚的石墙中的蜥蜴外表相似而得名。这种蜥蜴的名字krokodilos 被认为是由 kroke （意为“卵石，砾石”）一词和 drilos 这一（只被证明有“受割的人”的意思但又被假定有“蠕虫”的意思的）词组成的复合词。 希罗多德认为，埃及境内的爱奥尼亚人可能出于幽默而记下了晒太阳的鳄鱼和他们本地的“石头中的蠕虫”之间的类似点。英语的crocodile 的现代形式反映了古拉丁语拼法 crocodilus 的回归， 拉丁语中的这个词是从希腊语中引入的。但是出现在古希腊语和古拉丁语中的其它拼法以及其中一种拉丁语拼法，cocodrillus ， 却进入到中世纪拉丁语和古法语(cocodril )中，然后又进入到英语中， 所以出现在可能写于1300年以前的一篇文章中的我们最早有可能使用该词时的拼法是cokedrille 。 直到16世纪，这个词才变成现在这种拼法。在crocodile 一词的演变历史中的多种拼法也反映了在 alligator 一词的演变历史中的相似变化 〔diapsid〕Any of various reptiles having a skull with two pairs of temporal openings and including the lizards, snakes, crocodiles, dinosaurs, and pterosaurs.双孔型，双窝型：头骨上有两对颞孔的各种爬行动物，包括蜥蜴、蛇、鳄鱼、恐龙和翼龙〔alligator〕Either of two large reptiles,Alligator mississipiensis of the southeast United States or A. sinensis of China, having sharp teeth and powerful jaws. They differ from crocodiles in having a broader, shorter snout. 短吻鳄：两种大型爬行动物，美国东南部的密西西比鳄 或中国的 扬子鳄 中一种，它们有尖利的牙齿和有力的颚部。和一般鳄鱼相比它们有更宽，更短的鼻子 〔mugger〕A large crocodile(Crocodilus palustris) of southwest Asia, having a very broad wrinkled snout. 泽鳄：一种产于西南亚的大型鳄鱼（沼泽鳄） ，长有很宽的多皱的鼻子 〔lash〕The alligator lashed its tail in the water.鳄鱼在水中迅速地摆动着尾巴〔alligator〕InThe Travailes of an Englishman, published in 1568, Job Hortop says that "in this river we killed a monstrous Lagarto or Crocodile.”This killing gives rise to the first recorded instance ofalligator in English, obviously in a different form from the one familiar to modern speakers.Alligator, which comes to us from Spanish el lagarto, "the lizard,” was modified in pronunciation and form in several ways before taking on the formalligator. Such changes, referred to by linguists as taboo deformation,are not uncommon in a name for something that is feared and include,for example, the change in sequence of ther and t that occurred between el lagarto and alligator. An interesting parallel case iscrocodile, which appears in Spanish, for example, ascocodrilo, with a similar difference in the sequence of the r. The earliest recorded form ofalligator that is similar to ours appears in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (First Folio, 1623): "In his needie shop a tortoyrs hung,/An Allegater stuft.”在出版于1568年的英国人的劳作 一书中， 约伯·霍特普说“在这条河里我们杀死过一只巨大的蜥蜴或鳄鱼。”这次捕杀导致alligator 作为首次载入英语的实例， 和现代人所熟悉的词形明显不同。Alligator 来源于西班牙语 ellagarto， 意思是“蜥蜴，” 在采用alligator 这个词之前，其发音和词形经过了好几种变化。 这些变化，语言学家们称作禁忌变形，在人们惧怕的某种事物的名称里是常见的，而且还包括r 和 t 在以下两个单词 ellagarto 和 alligator 间依次的变化。 一个同样有趣的例子是crocodile， 在西班牙语里是cocodrilo， 区别在于排列顺序不同的 r 上。 最早记载的alligator 其词形接近我们所使用的词形，出现于莎士比亚的 罗密欧与朱丽叶 中，（1623年第一版对开本）： “在他的日用品店中挂着一个玩具，一只布做的鳄鱼。” |
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