| 单词 | 黑奴 |
| 释义 | 〔Scott〕American slave who sued for his liberty after spending four years with his master in a territory where slavery had been banned by the Missouri Compromise. The resulting decision by the U.S. Supreme Court (1857) declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional because a slave could not be taken from a master without due process of law.斯科特，德雷德：(1795?-1858) 美国黑奴，在已被密苏里协议禁止使用奴隶的地区与他的主人住了四年后，向法院提出诉讼要求人身自由。美国最高法院作出裁决(1857年），认为密苏里协议是不合法的，因为一个黑奴如没有一定的法律程序是不能从他的主人那里获得自由的〔Turner〕American slave leader who organized about 70 followers and led a rebellion in Virginia, during which approximately 50 whites were killed (1831). He was subsequently captured and executed.特纳，纳：(1800-1831) 美国黑奴领袖，曾组织了约70名追随者，领导了在弗吉尼亚州的起义，在这次起义中大约50人被杀(1831年）。他随后被捕并被处决〔contraband〕An escaped slave during the Civil War who fled to or was taken behind Union lines.偷入北军的黑奴：美国南北战争期间逃到或被带到北军战线后方的逃奴〔maroon〕The history of the wordmaroon, which we associate with desert islands, takes us back to the days of slavery, when the nounmaroon was a term in English for a Black person who lived in the mountains and forests of Dutch Guiana (Suriname) and the West Indies, a term that is still used in parts of the Caribbean.These were plantation slaveswho had run away to live free in uncultivated parts.The English word is taken from the French wordmarron, "runaway Black slave,”which in turn was an alteration of American Spanishcimarrón, meaning "runaway slave.”Cimarrón is perhaps from cima, "summit.” Having come into English (first recorded in 1666),maroon took on a life of its own and came to be used as a verbmeaning "to be lost in the wilds,”from which our sense "to put ashore on a deserted island or coast" evolved.单词maroon 与荒岛有关联，其历史可追溯到奴隶制时代， 当时英语中的maroon 这个词指的是生活在荷属圭亚那（苏里南）和西印度群岛的黑人， 在加勒比的某些地区这个词仍在使用。这些人本是种植园里的奴隶，他们逃到未开发的土地上自由自在地生活。英语中的这个词源于法语中的marron ， 意思是“逃亡的黑奴”，它又是美洲西班牙语cimarron 的变形， 其意为“逃亡的奴隶”。Cinmarron 可能源于 cima ，“顶峰”。 进入英语之后（最早的记载在1666年），maroon 具有了自己的内涵， 而且开始被作为动词使用，意思是“在荒野中迷失方向”，我们的“将…置于一个荒凉的岛上或海岸边”这个意思就是从这里发展而来〔Vesey〕American insurrectionist. A freed slave in South Carolina, he was implicated in the planning of a large uprising of slaves and was hanged. The event led to more stringent slave codes in many Southern states.维奇，丹麦：(1767?-1822) 美国叛乱者，南卡罗来纳州的自由黑奴，他被牵连在一次大规模奴隶起义的谋划中并被处以绞刑，这一事件引起了许多南部州更加苛刻的奴隶法 |
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