| 单词 | 默里 |
| 释义 | 〔Laurel〕A city of southeast Mississippi southwest of Meridian. Oil was discovered in the area in 1944. Population, 18,827.劳雷尔：美国密西西比州东南部一城市，位于默里迪恩西南部。1944年在这一地区发现石油。人口18,827〔Murray〕British-born American labor leader who was president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (1940-1952) and the United Steel Workers of America (1942-1952).默里，菲利普：(1886-1952) 英国裔美国劳工领袖，曾任工业组织议会主席(1940-1952年）和美国钢铁工人工会主席(1942-1952年）〔greenockite〕After Charles Murray Cathcart, Second Earl Greenock (1783-1859), British soldier 源自查尔斯·默里·卡斯卡特，二等子爵 格里诺克 （1783-1859年），英国士兵 〔Murray〕American physician. He shared a 1990 Nobel Prize for developing organ transplant techniques.默里，约瑟夫E.：(生于 1919) 美国医生，因发展了器官移植技术而获1990年诺贝尔奖〔quark〕"Three quarks for Muster Mark! / Sure he hasn't got much of a bark / And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.” This passage of James Joyce'sFinnegans Wake is part of a scurrilous 13-line poem directed against King Mark,the cuckolded husband in the Tristan legend.The poem and the accompanying prose are packed with names of birds and words suggestive of birds,and the poem is a squawk,like the cawing of a crow, against King Mark.Thus, Joyce uses the wordquark, which comes from the standard English verbquark, meaning "to caw, croak,” and also from the dialectal verb quawk, meaning"to caw, screech like a bird.” But Joyce'squark was not what it has become: "any of a group of hypothetical subatomic particles proposed as the fundamental units of matter.”Murray Gell-Mann, the physicist who proposed these particles, in a private letter of June 27, 1978, to the editor of theOxford English Dictionary, said that he had actually been influenced by Joyce's word in naming the particle,although the influence was subconscious at first.Gell-Mann was thinking of using the pronunciation (kwôrk) for the particle,possibly something he had picked up fromFinnegans Wake, which he "had perused from time to time since it appeared in 1939. . . . The allusion to three quarks seemed perfect" (originally there were only three subatomic quarks).Gell-Mann, however, wanted to pronounce the word with (ô) not (ä), as Joyce seemed to indicate by rhyming words in the vicinity such asMark. Gell-Mann got around that "by supposing that one ingredient of the line ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’was a cry of ‘Three quarts for Mister . . . ’ heard in H.C. Earwicker's pub.”冲马克王呱叫三声! / 很显然一声狗吠对他还不够 / 很显然他所有的一切都和盛名无关。 这一段出自詹姆斯·乔伊斯的为芬尼根守灵 ， 是对马克王进行侮辱谩骂的一首十三行诗中的一部分。马克王是特里斯特拉姆传奇故事中被戴了绿帽子的丈夫。这首诗和随同的叙述中充斥着鸟类的名字和暗示鸟类的词。这首诗是对马克王的粗声抗诉，就象乌鸦的啼叫。所以乔伊斯用了quark 一词， 它来源于标准英语动词quark （意思为“呱呱地叫，乌鸦叫”）和方言中的动词 quawk （意思为“象鸟一样呱呱地叫、尖叫”）。 乔伊斯笔下的quark 一词并不是现在形成的意思： “任何一组假想的亚原子粒子，被认为是物质的基本单位”。这些粒子的提出者——物理学家默里·基尔曼在1978年6月27日写给牛津英语词典 编者的一封私人信件中说, 他给这种粒子命名时确实受到了乔伊斯这个词的影响，虽然这种影响起初只是潜意识的。基尔曼本想用(kwôrk)这个发音来代表这种粒子，可能也是从为芬尼根守灵 一书中汲取出来的。 自从1939年这书出版以来，他曾时常精读…关于三声呱叫的暗示看上去很完满（最初只有三种亚原子夸克）。但是基尔曼想让这个词发音为(o)而不是(a)——乔伊斯将韵押为与Mark 相近的音好象表明该发这个音。 基尔曼认为这行诗中的一部分“对马克王呱叫三声”，实际上是在酒店中听到的“给这位先生来三夸脱酒”叫喊声〔oomph〕"There is not much oomph in the economy, but there is nothing seriously pushing it down"(Murray L. Weidenbaum)“经济虽没什么很大的起色，但却不会有严重的事情使之变糟”(默里L.魏登鲍姆)〔shake〕"It is not easy to shake one's heart free of the impression"(John Middleton Murry)“要将印象抹灭是不容易的”(约翰·米德尔顿·默里)〔Murray〕British philologist and the original lexicographer (1879-1915) of theOxford English Dictionary. 默里，詹姆斯·奥古斯都·亨利：(1837-1915) 英国文献学家以及《牛津英语词典》 的最早编纂者（1879-1915年） 〔Murray〕A city of northern Utah, an industrial suburb of Salt Lake City. Population, 31,282.默里：美国犹他州北部的城市，盐湖城的工业郊区。人口31,282〔Murray〕Australian-born British classical scholar and pacifist noted for his verse translations of Greek dramas and for his advocacy of the League of Nations and the United Nations.默里，（乔治）吉尔伯特（艾米）：(1866-1957) 澳大利亚裔英国古典学者和和平主义者，因其对古希腊戏剧押韵的译作以及倡导国际联盟和联合国而著名〔Murray〕American grammarian who wrote several widely used schoolbooks, includingGrammar of the English Language (1795). 默里，林德利：(1745-1826) 美国语法学家，曾编过几本广泛使用的教学书包括《英语语法》 （1795年） 〔Butler〕American educator who advocated peace through education. He shared the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize.巴特勒，尼古拉·默里：(1862-1947) 美国教育家。他通过教育来促进和平并获1931年诺贝尔和平奖 |
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