| 单词 | 鼓励 |
| 释义 | 〔Sully〕French politician. As chief minister to Henry IV, he replenished the treasury and encouraged agriculture and industry.苏利：法国政治家，是亨利四世的重臣，他使国库充足，并鼓励农业和工业〔powwow〕Because trances were so important to the Native American shaman as a means of getting in touch with spiritual forces beyond the ken of the normal person,the titlepowwaw, literally meaning "one who has visions,” was accorded him. One of the occurrences of this word in an early piece of propaganda designed to bring more settlers to New Englandrepresents fairly well the Puritan attitudes to the religion of the native inhabitants of the New World:"The office and dutie of the Powah is to be exercised principally in calling upon the Devil;and curing diseases of the sicke or wounded.”The word whose spelling was eventually settled in English aspowwow was also used as the name for ceremonies and councils, probably because of the important role played by the shaman in both.After the native peoples had been dealt withand the fear of devil worship was somewhat diminished,the newcomers decided that they could have powwows too,the first reference to one of these being recorded in the Salem, Massachusetts,Gazette of 1812: "The Warriors of the Democratic Tribe will hold a powwow at Agawam on Tuesday next.”The verbpowwow, "to confer,” was recorded even earlier, in 1780. 因为作为一种超出常人理解范围的与神灵联系的方式，催眠对于北美印第安人巫师来说是如此重要，故巫师被冠以字面意思为“有洞察力的人”的powwaw 这一名称。 这个词在早期为鼓励更多人去新英格兰定居而作的宣传中的出现，它很好地证明了清教徒们对于美洲大陆土著居民宗教的态度：“帕瓦仪式的职责与义务主要就是用来召唤魔鬼；治愈病人或伤者。”这个在英语中最后以powwow 的拼写形式固定下来的词也用作仪式及会议的名称， 这也许是因为巫师在两者中都起着重要作用。在与土著居民进行接触以后，随着对其魔鬼崇拜的恐惧逐渐消逝，那些新来者决定他们也可以举行帕瓦仪式，1812年马萨诸塞州塞勒姆的时事报 第一次提及了这种会议： “下星期二民主党派的斗士们将在阿加瓦姆召开会议”。动词意为“商讨”的powwow 则早在1780年就有记载了 〔Brisbane〕American newspaper editor who practiced and encouraged techniques of yellow journalism in order to increase the circulation of his newspapers.布里斯班，阿瑟：(1864-1936) 美国报纸编辑，推行并鼓励采取黄色报刊技术，以扩大其报刊的销售量〔arm〕At such a distance that physical or social contact is discouraged:保持距离：以这样一个距离不鼓励身体的或社交的接触：〔feed〕To support or promote; encourage:支持或激发；鼓励：〔prime〕To encourage the growth or action of something.鼓励：鼓励某事的发展或行动〔skunkworks〕A small, loosely structured corporate research and development unit or subsidiary formed to foster innovation.科研机构：一种小的，结构松散的共同研究和发展的单位或分支公司，建成以鼓励创新〔Wenceslas〕Duke of Bohemia who encouraged Christianization and was martyred by his brother Boleslav. He is popularly associated with Christmastide charity and is the patron saint of Bohemia.圣温彻拉斯：波希米亚公爵，他鼓励基督教化，被其兄弟博列斯拉夫杀害。人们普遍将他与圣诞节节期联系在一起，他是波希米亚的守护神〔incite〕foment civil insurrection. Toabet is to approve, encourage, and support actions, especially those in violation of what is right or proper: 煽动平民造反。 Abet 指赞同、鼓励并支持某些行为， 特别是错误与不正当的： 〔encouragement〕One that encourages.奖励者，鼓励者：鼓励他人的人或物〔fortify〕To give emotional, moral or mental strength to; encourage:鼓励：在情感、道德或精神方面增强；给…以勇气：〔pogrom〕An organized, often officially encouraged massacre or persecution of a minority group, especially one conducted against Jews.集体迫害：对少数群体有组织的、常是受到官方鼓励的大屠杀或迫害，尤指针对犹太人的集体迫害或屠杀〔incentivize〕To offer incentives or an incentive to; motivate:剌激：提供各种剌激或鼓励；推动：〔huzzah〕Used to express joy, encouragement, or triumph.好啊：用于表示快乐、鼓励或胜利〔shaker〕One that impels, encourages, or supervises action.鼓励者：激起、鼓励或监管行为的人〔encourage〕policies designed to encourage private investment.为鼓励私人投资而拟订的政策〔applaud〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to express approval or encouragement in audible form, especially by clapping": 这些动词共有的中心意思是“以听得见的方式，尤指以鼓掌来表示赞许或鼓励”： 〔Bloomer〕American social reformer who founded and edited the feminist newspaperLily (1849-1855), wrote about unjust marriage laws and women's suffrage, and advocated a new style of dress for women. 布卢姆，阿梅莉亚·詹克斯：(1818-1894) 美国社会变革者，创立和主编女权主义报纸《百合花》 （1849-1855年），写了一些反映不公正的婚姻法和妇女选举权的文章，还鼓励妇女穿一种新式服装 〔Jezebel〕Phoenician princess and queen of Israel as the wife of Ahab. According to the Old Testament, she encouraged idolatry and was ultimately killed by Jehu.耶洗别：腓尼基的公主和以色列国王亚哈之妻。据《旧约》记载，她鼓励对神的崇拜，最后被耶户所杀〔Carver〕American botanist, agricultural chemist, and educator who developed hundreds of uses for the peanut, soybean, and sweet potato, prompting Southern farmers to produce these soil-enriching cash crops.卡沃尔，乔治·华盛顿：(1864?-1943) 美国植物学家、农业化学家和教育家，他开发出花生、大豆和甘薯的几百种用途，并且鼓励南方农民种植这些能使土壤变得肥沃的庄稼〔beacon〕A source of guidance or inspiration.（喻）指路明灯，指导人：进行指导或鼓励的来源〔Schumann〕German composer known particularly for his song cycles, piano works, and symphonies. A leading romanticist, he encouraged and influenced Chopin and Brahms.舒曼，罗伯特：(1810-1856) 德国作曲家，尤以声乐套曲，钢琴曲和交响乐著名。浪漫主义的主要代表，他曾鼓励及影响过肖邦和勃拉姆斯〔animate〕To fill with spirit, courage, or resolution; encourage.See Synonyms at encourage 鼓励，激励：使充满精神、勇气或决心；鼓励 参见 encourage〔trilateralism〕The political and economic policy of encouraging friendly relations among three nations or regions, especially the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, or North America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim.三边主义：鼓励在三个国家或地区之间发展友好关系的政治和经济政策，尤指在美国、西欧和日本之间或在北美、欧洲和太平洋地区〔tummler〕One, such as a social director or an entertainer, who encourages guest or audience participation.逗乐人：表演者或导演，鼓励客人或观众参预的人〔pronatalism〕An attitude or a policy that encourages childbearing.鼓励提高人口出生率主义：鼓励生育孩子的态度或政策〔Garvey〕Jamaican Black nationalist active in America in the 1920's. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (1914) and later urged American Black people to establish an independent country in Africa.加维，马库斯·（莫札赫）·奥利留斯：(1887-1940) 牙买加黑人民族主义者，在20世纪20年代积极活动于美国。他成立了全球黑人发展协会（1914年），后来鼓励美国黑人建立一个独立的非洲国家〔incubator〕A place or situation that permits or encourages the formation and development, as of new ideas:温床：允许或鼓励新的想法产生并发展的地方或形势：〔Howells〕American writer and editor in chief (1871-1881) of theAtlantic Monthly, who encouraged a number of writers, including Mark Twain and Henry James. He also wrote many novels, such as The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885), and books of literary criticism. 豪威尔斯，威廉·迪安：(1837-1920) 美国作家及《大西洋月刊》 的主编(1871年-1881年）。他曾给予许多作家，包括马克·吐温和亨利·詹姆斯以鼓励。他也写过许多小说，如 《西拉斯·拉帕姆的崛起》 （1885年），和文学批评集 〔mind〕"There is no such whetstone, to sharpen a good wit and encourage a will to learning, as is praise" (Roger Ascham). “没有一种东西能象赞扬一样磨砺机敏的智力，鼓励求智的愿望” （罗杰·阿斯克姆）。 〔egg〕To encourage or incite to action:煽动：鼓励或激励行动：〔incite〕Their leader tried to incite the dissidents to overthrow the government. Toinstigate is to conceive and encourage the implementation of a plan of action, usually an evil or illegal one: 他们的领袖试图煽动持不同政见者推翻政府。 Instigate 指构思或鼓励通常是罪恶或不合法的行动计划的实施： 〔embolden〕To foster boldness or courage in; encourage.See Synonyms at encourage 给以胆量：加强某人的胆量或勇气；鼓励 参见 encourage〔encourage〕To inspire with hope, courage, or confidence; hearten.鼓励，鼓舞：以希望、勇气或信心等鼓舞；使振作〔sanction〕To encourage or tolerate by indicating approval.See Synonyms at approve 鼓励，容忍：以给予许可的方式支持或容忍 参见 approve〔second〕To promote or encourage; reinforce.支持：倡导或鼓励；加强〔Coolidge〕The 30th President of the United States (1923-1929), who took office after the death of Warren G. Harding. A strong supporter of business, he encouraged speculation that led to a stock market boom in the 1920's, followed by economic collapse.柯立芝，（约翰）卡尔文：(1872-1933) 美国第30任总统，1923年至1929年在位，沃伦·G·哈定总统死后就职。他极力保护工商业并鼓励投机买卖，造成了20世纪20年代股票市场的繁荣，但随之发生了经济崩溃〔sister〕A woman who advocates, fosters, or takes part in the feminist movement.拥护、鼓励或参与女权运动的妇女〔sustain〕To support the spirits, vitality, or resolution of; encourage.支持，鼓舞：支撑…的精神、生命力或决心；鼓励〔Pisistratus〕Athenian tyrant (560-527) remembered for encouraging athletic contests and literary efforts.庇西特拉图：雅典暴君（公元前560-527年），以其鼓励体育竞赛和对文学的贡献而闻名 |
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