| 单词 | 鼓吹者 |
| 释义 | 〔apostle〕One who pioneers an important reform movement, cause, or belief:鼓吹者，倡导者：某一重要改革运动、事业或信仰的鼓吹者、倡导者：〔shyster〕The origin ofshyster was not known for certain until recently. According to one etymology,shyster comes from the surname of one Scheuster, a disreputable and almost certainly nonexistent mid-19th-century attorney.In his bookHuman Words, a collection of words formed from the names of people, Robert Hendrickson says that Dr. Henry Bosley Woolf and others "list the New York advocate as a possible source.”But the actual etymology, according to Gerald L. Cohen, a student of the word,is less flattering.According to this etymology,the word is derived from the German termscheisser, meaning literally "one who defecates,”from the verbscheissen, "to defecate,” with the English suffix-ster, "one who does,” substituted for the German suffix -er, meaning the same thing. Sheisser, which is chiefly a pejorative term, is the German equivalent of our English termsbastard and son of a bitch. Sheisser is generally thought to have been borrowed directly into English as the word shicer, which, among other things, is an Australian English term for an unproductive mine or claim,a sense that is also recorded for the wordshyster. shyster 一词的来源直到最近才能较确切地弄清楚。 根据词源，shyster 来自一个叫 Scheuster 的人的姓， 他是一位声名狼籍而且很可能并不存在的19世纪中期的律师。罗伯特·亨德里克森在他的人类词汇 （一本由人名组成的词汇集）一书中说， 亨利·博斯利·任尔夫博士和其他的人“将纽约的鼓吹者列为一种可能的出处”。但是据加兰德·L·科恩——一位研究词汇的学生看来，这个词的真正词源更令人不快。根据这种词源，这个词来自德语Scheisser， 字面意义为“大便的人”，是从动词scheissen “排泄”而来， 用一英语词缀-ster （做…的人）代替了表相同意义的德语词缀 -er 。 Sheisser 主要用作贬蔑语， 在德语中相当于我们英语中bastard 及 son of a bitch。 Sheisser一般被认为是直接借入英语作为 Schicer 一词， 在澳式英语中指不再产出的矿山或没有结果的要求，这一意义也被记录在Shyster 这个词中 〔slavocracy〕A ruling group of slaveholders or advocates of slavery, as in the southern United States before 1865.蓄奴派：奴隶主统治阶级或奴隶制的鼓吹者，比如1865年以前在美国南方〔missionary〕One who attempts to persuade or convert others to a particular program, doctrine, or set of principles; a propagandist.倡导者：试图劝说或改变他人的观念使其相信某一特定项目，道理或原则的人；鼓吹者〔drumbeater〕One that supports a cause, especially vehemently.鼓吹者：支持某一目标的人，尤指热心支持者〔Sakharov〕Soviet physicist and dissident who helped develop the first Soviet hydrogen bomb. An outspoken advocate of human rights and nuclear disarmament, he won the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize and was banished to Gorky from 1980 to 1986.萨哈罗夫，安德烈·迪米特里耶维奇：(1921-1989) 苏联物理学家，持不同政见者，参与制造苏联第一颗氢弹，人权的鼓吹者，要求解除核威胁，于1975年获诺贝尔和平奖，从1980年至1986年被放逐到高尔基 |
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