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meth·od·ol·o·gy AHD[mĕth'ə-dŏlʹə-jē] D.J.[ˌmeθəˈdɒlədʒiː]K.K.[ˌmɛθəˈdɑlədʒi]n.（名词）pl. meth.od.ol.o.gies 【复数】- A body of practices, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline or engage in an inquiry; a set of working methods:一套方法：从事某一学科或进行某项研究的人使用的一整套方法、步骤和规则；一整套工作方法：the methodology of genetic studies; an opinion poll marred by faulty methodology.遗传学研究的方法；被错误地损害了效果的观点调查
- The study or theoretical analysis of such working methods.方法学：对于这种工作方法的研究或理论分析
- The branch of logic that deals with the general principles of the formation of knowledge.方法论：研究知识形成的一般性原则的逻辑分支
- Usage Problem Means, technique, or procedure; method.【用法疑难】 方法：手段、技巧或步骤；办法
meth'odologʹical AHD[mĕth'ə-də-lŏjʹĭ-kəl] （形容词）meth'odologʹically adv.（副词）- Methodology can properly refer to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate to a field of study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of knowledge.In this sense,one may speak ofobjections to the methodology of a geographic survey (i.e., objections dealing with the appropriateness of the methods used) or of themethodology of modern cognitive psychology (i.e., the principles and practices that underlie research in the field). In recent years, however,methodology has been increasingly used as a pretentious substitute for method in scientific and technical contexts, as inThe oil company has not yet decided on a methodology for restoring the beaches. This usage may have been fostered in part by the tendency to use the adjectivemethodological to mean "pertaining to methods,” in as much as the regularly formed adjectivemethodical has been preempted to mean "orderly, systematic.” But the misuse ofmethodology obscures an important conceptual distinction between the tools of scientific investigation (properly methods ) and the principles that determine how such tools are deployed and interpreted—a distinction that the scientific and scholarly communities, if not the wider public,should be expected to maintain.Methodology 可指对一个学科的研究方法进行的理论分析， 也可指一个学科特有的一整套方法与步骤。在这种意义上，人们可以说对于一个地理调查所用方法提出的异议 （即，关于所用方法是否适当所提的异议）， 也可以说现代认知心理学的研究方法 （即，形成一门学科的研究基础的原则和方法）。 然而，近些年来，在科学、技术语境中，methodology 越来越多地被用做颇带炫耀夸张色彩的 method 的替换词， 如说石油公司尚未决定恢复海滩环境的方法。 这种用法可能部分地起因于用形容词methodological 来表示“与方法有关的”意思的倾向， 因为用常规方法构成的形容词methodical 已先行意味着“有序的，有系统的”。 但是methodology 的这种错误用法模糊了一个重要的概念区分，那就是科学研究的方法（正确的说法应是 methods )和决定这些方法如何运用和阐释的原则之间的区分——这个区分， 如果不为更多的大众所认识，至少应为科学和学者圈子所坚持
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