| 单词 | 一类的 |
| 释义 | 〔vulgar〕The wordvulgar brings to mind off-color jokes, but this was not always so.Ironically the wordvulgar is itself an example of pejoration, the process by which the semantic status of a word changes for the worse over a period of time.The ancestor ofvulgar, the Latin word vulgāris (from vulgus, "the common people"), meant "of or belonging to the common people, everyday,”as well as "belonging to or associated with the lower orders.”Vulgāris also meant "ordinary,” "common (of vocabulary, for example),” and "shared by all.” Its only sense of the sort we might expect was related to the notion of general sharing, that is, "sexually promiscuous.”Our word, first recorded in a work composed in 1391,entered English during the Middle English period,and in Middle English and later English we find not only the senses mentioned above but also related senses.What is common can be seen as debased,and in the 17th century we begin to find instances ofvulgar that made very explicit what was already implicit. Vulgar now meant "deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement.” From such usevulgar has gone downhill, and at present "crudely indecent" is probably one of the first senses ofvulgar that occurs to many when the word is used. Vulgar 这个词使人想起下流的玩笑， 但这并不尽然。具有讽刺意味的是vulgar 这个词本身就是一个贬义词， 是一个词的语义经过一段时间变为贬义的过程。Vulgar 的语源，拉丁词 vulgaris （来自于 vulgrs， “普通人”）， 意思是平常人的、属于平常人的或日常的，”也意味着“属于低等阶级的，与低阶级有关的。”Vulgaris 也意味着“平常的”，“普通的（如词汇表的）”，和“大家共有的。” 我们可能会想到的这一类的唯一意思与“大家共有的”的意思是有关，即“滥交的。”这个词，首先记载于1391年编的一部书里，在中古英语期间进入英语，在中古英语和后期的英语中我们不仅发现它有上述的意思，也有其它相关的意思。普通的可以被看作是低下的，在17世纪我们开始发现vulgar 把含蓄的意思变得很明显的例子。 现在vulgar 指“品味、格调或教养不高的。” 以这个意思vulgar 开始走下坡路， 现在当人们使用vulgar 时，对许多人来讲“粗野下流的”可能是第一个意思 〔ninja〕A member of a class of 14th-century Japanese mercenary agents who were trained in the martial arts and hired for covert operations such as assassination and sabotage.忍者：14世纪日本幕府中的一个阶层内的成员，受训练习武术并被雇进行象刺杀和阴谋破坏一类的秘密活动〔bush〕"Reviewers here have tended to see in him a kind of bush D.H. Lawrence"(Saturday Review)“这里的评论家们倾向于把他理解为二流的D·H·劳伦斯一类的小说家”(星期六评论)〔dole〕Receiving regular relief payments from or as if from the government.领取固定救济的：从政府或政府一类的机关那里接受固定救济的〔plank〕Such pieces of lumber considered as a group; planking.厚板材：被认为是一类的这种厚木板；厚板材〔suchlike〕Persons or things of such a kind.这一类的人或物〔quality〕 Character in this comparison is a distinctive feature of a group or category: Character 在这样的比较中是指一组或一类的与众不同的特点： 〔antonomasia〕The substitution of a personal name for a common noun to designate a member of a group or class, as in calling a traitor a "Benedict Arnold.”代类名：以个人名字代替一普通名词来代表一组或一类的成员之一，如将叛徒称为“本尼狄克·阿诺德”〔generic〕Relating to or descriptive of an entire group or class; general.See Synonyms at general 一般的，通有的：有关或描绘完整的一种或一类的；普遍的 参见 general〔rhyme〕Poetry or verse of this kind.这一类的诗或韵文 |
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