| 单词 | 伦理学 |
| 释义 | 〔Moore〕British philosopher whose theories, presented inPrincipia Ethica (1903) and other works, influenced 20th-century epistemology and linguistic analysis. 穆尔，乔治·爱德华：(1873-1958) 英国哲学家，其理论在《伦理学基本原则》 （1903年）及其它一些著作中得以阐释，对20世纪的认识论和语言分析产生过影响 〔casuistry〕The determination of right and wrong in questions of conduct or conscience by the application of general principles of ethics.判断是非：使用伦理学的基本原理判断行为或良心的是与非〔sensationalism〕The ethical doctrine that feeling is the only criterion of good.感觉主义：认为感情是善的唯一标准的一种伦理学说〔ethic〕ethics (used with a sing. verb)The study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by a person; moral philosophy. ethics （与单数动词连用）伦理学，道德学：研究人所决定的道德选择和道德普遍本质的学科；道德学〔sensualism〕The ethical doctrine that the pleasures of the senses are the highest good.快乐论，享乐主义：认为感官的快乐是最好的一种伦理学学说〔compartmentalize〕"You learn . . . even the ability to compartmentalize ethics"(Ellen Goodman)“你甚至学习…把伦理学加以分割的能力”(埃伦·古德曼)〔positivism〕The application of this doctrine in logic, epistemology, and ethics.实证哲学：实证主义在逻辑学、认识论及伦理学中的运用〔Kant〕German idealist philosopher who argued that reason is the means by which the phenomena of experience are translated into understanding. His classic works includeCritique of Pure Reason (1781) and Critique of Practical Reason (1788), in which he put forward his system of ethics based on the categorical imperative. 康德，伊曼纽尔：(1724-1804) 德国唯心主义哲学家，主张经验现象通过理性转变成知性。其经典著作包括《纯粹理性批判》 （1781年）和 《实践理性批判》 （1788年）。在这些著作中他提出了基于绝对命令的伦理学体系 〔ethic〕from Old French ethique from Late Latin ēthica from Greek ēthika [ethics] 源自 古法语 ethique 源自 后期拉丁语 ēthica 源自 希腊语 ēthika [伦理学] 〔eudemonism〕A system of ethics that evaluates actions in terms of their capacity to produce happiness.幸福论：一种根据人们创造幸福的能力来评估他们的行为的伦理学理论〔philosophy〕The science comprising logic, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, and epistemology.哲学：由逻辑学、伦理学、美学、文学和认识论组成的学科〔utilitarianism〕The ethical theory proposed by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill that all action should be directed toward achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.功利主义：一种杰里米·边沁和詹姆斯·穆勒提出的伦理学理论，这种理论认为所有行动须为最大多数人获得最大幸福〔moralist〕A teacher or student of morals and moral problems.道德家：教授或学习伦理学及伦理问题的教师或学生〔Spinoza〕Dutch philosopher and theologian whose controversial pantheistic doctrine advocated an intellectual love of God. His best-known work isEthics (1677). 斯宾诺莎，布鲁克：(1632-1677) 荷兰哲学家及神学家，他的颇有争议的泛神论主义在知识分子中引发了对上帝的热爱之情。他最为著名的著作为《伦理学》 （1671年） 〔Spencer〕British philosopher who attempted to apply the theory of evolution to philosophy and ethics in his seriesSynthetic Philosophy (1855-1893). 斯宾塞，赫伯特：(1820-1903) 英国哲学家，他试图在其系列论著《合成哲学》 （1855-1893年）中将进化论运用于哲学及伦理学 〔bioethics〕The study of the ethical and moral implications of new biological discoveries and biomedical advances, as in the fields of genetic engineering and drug research.生物伦理学：对新的生物学发现和生物医学上的进步的伦理道德上的含义的研究，如在基因工程和药物研究领域的研究〔ethical〕Of, relating to, or dealing with ethics.伦理学的：属于，关系或涉及到伦理学的〔Palmer〕American scholar and educator. Among his works areThe Field of Ethics (1901) and The Autobiography of a Philosopher (1930). 帕尔默，乔治·赫伯特：(1842-1933) 美国学者和教育家。其著作有《伦理学领域》 （1901年）和 《一位哲学家的自传》 （1930年） 〔diatribe〕Listening to a lengthy diatribe may seem like a waste of time,an attitude for which there is some etymological justification.The Greek worddiatribē, the ultimate source of our word, is derived from the verb diatribein, made up of the prefixdia-, "completely,” and tribein, "to rub,” "to wear away, spend, or waste time,” "to be busy.” The verbdiatribein meant "to rub hard,” "to spend or waste time,” and the noundiatribē meant "wearing away of time, amusement, serious occupation, study,” as well as "discourse, short ethical treatise or lecture, debate, argument.”It is the serious occupation of time in discourse, lecture, and debate that gave us the first use ofdiatribe recorded in English (1581), in the now archaic sense "discourse, critical dissertation.”The critical element of this kind of diatribe must often have been uppermost,explaining the origin of the current sense ofdiatribe, "a bitter criticism.” 听唠唠叨叨的絮语也许好象是浪费时间，这是一种态度，一些词源对此有所表明。该词的终源希腊单词diatribe 起源于由动词 diatribein ； 而后者是由前缀dia- “完全地”和 tribein （“消磨、消逝、花费或浪费时间”，“忙于”）所构成的。 动词diartibein 意思是“难熬”、“花费或浪费时间”， 而名词diatribe 意思是“时间消逝、消遣、热衷消遣，研究”， 还有“论文、伦理学论文，伦理学论文或讲演，争辩，论据”。在（1581年）英语中记载的第一次使用diatribe 是热衷于把时间消磨在论文、讲演和争辩中， 现在古体文含义是“论文，批评式的学术演讲”。这种论文所含批评因素必须常常占最主要的，它解释了diatribe 现代含义“尖刻批评”的词源 〔metaethics〕The study of the meaning and nature of ethical terms, judgments, and arguments.元伦理学：以伦理学术语、判断及论证的含意和本质为研究对象的学科〔Aristotle〕Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.亚里士多德：希腊哲学家。柏拉图的学生，亚历山大大帝的教师，他的著述论及逻辑学，形而上学，伦理学，自然科学，政治学和诗学，对西方思想产生了深远影响，在其哲学体系里，理论服从实地观察和逻辑，以三段论为基础，基本上是理性研究的理论方法 |
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