| 单词 | 依据 |
| 释义 | 〔formalism〕An instance of rigorous or excessive adherence to recognized forms.形式主义的实例：严格或过分地依据规定形式的实例〔formalism〕Rigorous or excessive adherence to recognized forms, as in religion or art.形式主义：严格地或过分地依据规定的形式，如在宗教或艺术等方面〔England〕A division of the United Kingdom, the southern part of the island of Great Britain. Originally settled by Celtic peoples, it was subsequently conquered by Romans, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Danes, and Normans. Acts of union joined England with Wales in 1536, with Scotland in 1707 to create the political entity of Great Britain, and with Ireland in 1801 to form the United Kingdom. London is the capital and the largest city of both England and the United Kingdom. Population, 46,220,955.英格兰：大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国的一部分，位于大不列颠岛南部。凯尔特人最早在此定居，随后罗马人、盎格鲁人、撒克逊人、朱特人、丹麦人及诺尔曼人相继征服英格兰。依据联合法案，1536年英格兰与威尔士合并，1707年同苏格兰合并，由此产生了大不列颠的政治统一体，并于1801年与爱尔兰联合形成联合王国。伦敦为英格兰和联合王国的首都及最大城市。人口46,220,955〔Macpherson〕Scottish poet who claimed to have translated the works of Ossian, a third-century Gaelic poet and warrior. Although based on unauthenticated original texts, the translations influenced many writers.麦克弗森，詹姆斯：(1736-1796) 苏格兰诗人，自称翻译了3世纪盖尔族诗人、战士奥西恩的作品。尽管译文所依据的并非原始作者文本，仍然影响了许多作家〔refer〕To have recourse; turn:依据：求助；查询：〔unanimous〕Based on or characterized by complete assent or agreement.一致同意的，无异议的：以完全同意为依据或特点的〔warranty〕Justification or valid grounds for an act or a course of action.依据：为某一行为或某项事业提供支持证明其有效之事（物、言辞等）〔idiom〕A speech form or an expression of a given language that is peculiar to itself grammatically or cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its elements, as inkeep tabs on. 成语，习语：因语法结构特殊或无法拆开而只能依据其组成成份来解释的语言形式或某种固定的语言表达方法，例如聚精会神 〔Melville〕American writer whose experiences at sea provided the factual basis of his allegorical masterpieceMoby Dick (1851), considered among the greatest American novels. His other works include short stories, such as "Bartleby the Scrivener" (1856), and the novella Billy Budd (published 1924). 梅尔维尔，赫尔曼：(1819-1891) 美国作家，以其海上经历为事实依据写成其寓言杰作《白鲸》 （1851年），这部小说被认为是美国最伟大的小说之一。他其他的作品包括短篇小说，如《书记员巴特子比》(1856年）以及中篇小说 《比利·巴德》 （1924年出版） 〔chronological〕Relating to or in accordance with chronology.年代学的：与年代有关或依据年代的〔table〕A part of the human palm framed by four lines, analyzed in palmistry.手掌心：由四条线围成的人的后掌的一部分，是看手相时的依据〔ground〕Often grounds The foundation for an argument, a belief, or an action; a basis. 常作 grounds 根据：争论，信仰或行动的基础；依据〔if〕In such contexts, however,the use ofif can sometimes create ambiguities. Depending on the intended meaning, the sentenceLet her know if she is invited might be better paraphrased asLet her know whether she is invited or If she is invited, let her know. · In conditional sentences the clause introduced byif may contain either a past subjunctive verb (if I were going ) or an indicative verb ( if I am going; if I was going ), depending on the intended meaning.According to the traditional rule,the subjunctive should be used to describe an occurrence that is presupposed to be contrary to fact,as inif I were ten years younger or if Napoleon had won at Waterloo. The main verb of such a sentence must then contain the modal verbwould or (less frequently) should: 不过在这种情况下，用if 就可能会造成歧义。 Let her know if she is invited 这句话最好根据所要表达的意思， 分开说成告诉她她是否被邀请了 或 如果她被邀请了，就让她知道 两句话。 用if 引起的条件状语从句中， 可以含有一个过去式的虚拟动词(倘若我去 )或一个一般陈述动词( 如果我就去；如果我去了 )， 这得依据所要表达的意思而定。根据正统的原则，虚拟语气用来表达一个与事实相反的假设，例如如果我再年轻十岁 或者 如果拿破仑在滑铁卢战役中获胜。 于是在这样的句子里，主要动词必须包含情态动词会 或（在较少情况下） 应该： 〔hereby〕By virtue of this act, decree, bulletin, or document; by this means.以此，特此：依据这条法令、政令、公告或文件；以此种方法〔positivism〕The system of Auguste Comte designed to supersede theology and metaphysics and depending on a hierarchy of the sciences, beginning with mathematics and culminating in sociology.实证论：为超越神学及玄学而创设的奥古斯都孔德体系，这一体系以科学的等级为依据，以数学为基础而以社会学为最高级〔artichoke〕Those who have been warned to watch out for the sharp-tipped bracts toward the innermost part of an artichoke may have wondered whether the name of this vegetable has anything to do with choking.Originally it did not.Our word goes back to an Arabic word for the same plant,al-Caršūf. The Arabic word passed into Spanish,a not uncommon occurrence given the fact that Moslems ruled much of Spain for several centuries during the Middle Ages.The Old Spanish wordalcarchofa was variously modified as it passed through Italian, a Northern dialect form beingarticiocco, which looks more like artichoke than al-Caršūf. In English, where the word is first recorded in the early 16th century, a potpourri of spellings and explanations of it are found.For example, people who did not know the long history of the word explained it by the notion that the flower had a "choke,”that is, something that chokes, in its "heart.”那些被告知要当心这种朝鲜蓟的最内层部分的尖苞片的人，可能会猜想这种蔬菜与窒息有一些联系。最初并没有。这个词可以追溯到阿拉伯语言关于这种植物的名称，al-harsuf。 这个阿拉伯名称又传入了西班牙，这件极普通的事情指出，在中世纪时期穆斯林曾统治西班牙大部地区，长达几个世纪的事实。旧的西班牙词alcarchofa 又经历了不同的变化，如传入意大利， 北方方言的形式形成articicco， 这看起来更象 artichoke 而非 al-harsuf。 在英语中，这个词在16世纪初被记录下来时，有许多不同的拼法和解释。例如，不知道这个词的悠久历史的人解释这个词时依据的看法是花会令人“窒息”，也就是说，是一种在它“心中”窒息的东西。〔Gaius〕Roman jurist whose chief work, theInstitutes, is a major source of information on Roman law. 盖阿斯：罗马法学家，其主要著作《罗马法典》 是罗马法所依据的主要信息来源 〔empirical〕Relying on or derived from observation or experiment:经验的：依据观察或实验或由观察或试验得出的：〔axiom〕Abbr. ax.A self-evident principle or one that is accepted as true without proof as the basis for argument; a postulate.缩写 ax.格言：不言而喻的原理或能作为真理被接受的规律，无须作为争论依据加以证明；基本原理〔Buddhahood〕A state of spiritual enlightenment in accordance with Buddhist teachings.佛境：依据佛教教义而达到精神开悟的状态〔base〕 Ground may denote an actual working surface,as in art(a white design on a blue ground) ; more often it is used figuratively in the sense of a justifiable reason: Ground 表示一种实际的起作用的表面，如在艺术中（蓝底上的白色图案） ； 经常更多地用作比喻，表示合理的原因、正当的依据或理由： 〔grant〕The deed by which the property is so transferred.让渡证书：财产转移时所依据的契约〔occasion〕Something that provides a reason or justification; a ground.理由：提供理由或口实的事物；依据〔cladist〕One who classifies organisms according to the principles of cladistics.生物分类学家：依据生物分类学原理将有机体分类的人〔wildcat〕To prospect for oil or other minerals in an area not known to be productive.盲目钻井：在资源依据不足的地区找油或其它矿物〔pursuant〕Proceeding from and conformable to; in accordance with.出自并依据…的；与…一致的〔build〕build an argument on fact.以事实为依据建立论点〔objective〕Based on observable phenomena; presented factually:依据看得见的现象的；依据事实的：〔desert〕When Shakespeare says in Sonnet 72,"Unless you would devise some virtuous lie,/To do more for me than mine own desert,”he is using the worddesert in the sense of "worthiness; deserving,” a word that is perhaps most familiar to us in the plural, meaning "something that is deserved,”as in the phrasejust deserts. This word goes back to the Latin worddēservīre, "to devote oneself to the service of,”which in Vulgar Latin came to mean "to merit by service.” Dēservīre is made up ofdē-, meaning "thoroughly,” and servīre, "to serve.” Knowing this,we can distinguish thisdesert from desert, "a wasteland,” and desert, "to abandon,” both of which go back to Latindēserere, "to forsake, leave uninhabited,” which is made up ofdē-, expressing the notion of undoing, and the verb serere, "to link together.” We can also distinguish all threedeserts from dessert, "a sweet course at the end of a meal,” which is from the French worddesservir, "to clear the table.” Desservir is made up ofdes-, expressing the notion of reversal, and servir (from Latin servīre ), "to serve,” hence, "to unserve" or "to clear the table.”当莎士比亚在第72首十四行诗中说：“除非你能编出善意的谎言/把我说得比我本人强得多”，这里desert 的意思就是“应得的东西”。 对这个词，我们最熟悉的大概是其复数形式（意思是“应得的东西”）。例如在词组just deserts 中。 该词的起源可以追溯到拉丁词deservire ， 意为“为…而献身”，在俗拉丁语中，意思就变成了“依据服务应得…”。 Deservire 由de- 意思是“完全地，彻底地”和 servire “服务”组成。 知道了这些，我们就可以把desert 与 desert “荒原”和 desert “放弃”区别开来。 后面两个意义可追溯到拉丁语deserere “遗弃，无人居住”， 它由de- 表示“不做”的概念和动词 serere “连接到一起”组成。 我们也能把所有这三个deserts 与 dessert “正餐最后上的一道甜食”区分开来， 后者来自法语词desservir “收拾桌子”。 Desservir 由表达“反，逆”概念的des- 和 servir 组成（来自拉丁语 servire ）， 意为“服务”、“因此“、“不上菜”或“清理桌子”〔subreption〕An inference drawn from such a misrepresentation.依据虚假事实作出的误断〔explain〕To offer reasons for the actions, beliefs, or remarks of (oneself).答辩：为（自己的）行为、信仰或评价提供依据〔Babbage〕British mathematician and inventor of an analytical machine based on principles similar to those used in modern digital computers.巴比奇，查尔斯：(1792-1871) 英国数学家和分析仪发明者，他依据的原理与现代数字计算器的原理相似〔baseless〕unfounded suspicions;毫无依据的怀疑；〔ground〕To provide a basis for (a theory, for example); justify.成为…的理由：为（例如，理论）提供基础；为…提供依据〔kabbalah〕often Kabbalah A body of mystical teachings of rabbinical origin, often based on an esoteric interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures. often Kabbalah 卡巴拉教学：源自于犹太拉比教义的神秘教学本体，通常依据希伯来经典中深奥的解释而来〔dragonfly〕Regional terms for the dragonfly are numerous, providing good evidence for dialect boundaries in the United States.The greatest variety of terms is to be found in the South,where the most widespread term issnake doctor (a name based on a folk belief that dragonflies take care of snakes).The Midland equivalent issnake feeder. Speakers from the Lower South, on the other hand, are more likely to refer to the same insect as amosquito hawk or, in the South Atlantic states, askeeter hawk. The imagery outside the South alludes more to the insect's shape than to its behavior or diet:Upper Northern speakers call it adarning needle or a devil's darning needle ; those in Coastal New Jersey, aspindle ; and Northern Californians, anear sewer. 各地对蜻蜓的许多不同叫法为美国的方言边界提供了很好的依据。对蜻蜓叫法最多的是南部，在那里最常用的是snake doctor （因民间认为蜻蜓照看蛇而得名）。中部有与此相应的叫法：snake feeder。 而南部较南端的人则通常把蜻蜓叫作mosquito hawk ， 南大西洋诸州又把它称为skeeter hawk。 南部以外的其它地方更多地根据蜻蜓的外形而非行为或食物为之命名：北部较北端的人把它叫作darning needle 或 devil's darning needle ； 新泽西州海岸一带叫spindle ； 而北加利福尼亚人则叫ear sewer 〔kudos〕Kudos is one of those words like congeries that look like pluralsbut are etymologically singular:correctness requiresKudos is (not are ) due her for her brilliant work on the score. Some writers have tried to defend the use ofkudos with a plural verb, or even the introduction of a new singular form ofkudo, on the grounds that these innovations follow the pattern whereby the English words pea and cherry were re-formed from nouns ending in-s that were thought to be plural. Perhaps the singularkudo would have to be acknowledged as a legitimate formation if it came to be widely adopted in the popular language in the way that cherry and pea have. But at presentkudos is still regarded as a slightly pretentious variant for praise and can scarcely claim to be part of the linguistic folkways of the community.When writers reach for an unfamiliar Greek word for the sake of elegance,it is fair to ask that they get it right.Still, it is worth notingthat even people who are carefulto treat the word syntactically as a singularoften pronounce it as if it were a plural:etymology would require that the final consonant be pronounced as a voiceless (s),rather than as a voiced (z).Kudos 和 congeries 那些词一样， 看上去好象是复数，但从词源上看是单数：因此正确的用法应该是Kudos is （不是 are ） due her for her brilliant work on the score 。 许多作者为kudos 后跟动词复数形式的做法辩护， 他们甚至发明了一个新的词kudo 作为该词的单数形式，他们这样做是以英语单词 pea 和 cherry 的形成模式为依据的， 这些词都是从原先结尾带-s 的复数形式名词演化而来。 kudo 这种单数形式只有在象 cherry 和 pea 这样为大众语言所普遍接受之后才能被认可为一种正确的形式。 但是现在kudos 这个词仍被看作是 praise 这个词稍稍有些做作的变体， 还很难成为社群的习惯用语的一部份。当一个作家为了行文的优雅用一个生僻的希腊词的时候，他应该正确地使用它。但是值得注意的是，即使是那些非常仔细的人，他们在句子中把它用作单数，但在读的时候却读成复数的形式：根据词源来看，这个词最后一个辅音应该发成清辅音（s），而不是浊辅音（z）〔plea〕A special answer depending on or demonstrating one or more reasons why a suit should be delayed, dismissed, or barred in equity law.答辩：依据或表明公正的法律案件应被推迟、驳回或阻止的一个或多个原因的特定的回答〔Bean〕American frontiersman in Texas who in 1881 appointed himself justice of the peace and handed down judgments based on one law book and one six-shooter.比恩，罗伊：(1825?-1903) 美国得克萨斯州拓荒者，1881年任命自己为治安法官，以一本法律书和一支六发式左轮手枪作为自己宣判的依据〔raga〕A traditional form in Hindu music, consisting of a theme that expresses an aspect of religious feeling and sets forth a tonal system on which variations are improvised within a prescribed framework of typical progressions, melodic formulas, and rhythmic patterns.拉加：印度音乐的一种传统调式，有一个主题，表达某方面的宗教感情，并确定一个音调系统，依据这个系统在限定的典型发展框架、主旋律格式和节奏方式内即席创作变奏曲 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。