| 单词 | 修辞学 |
| 释义 | 〔trivium〕The lower division of the seven liberal arts in medieval schools, consisting of grammar, logic, and rhetoric.三文科：中世纪学校的七种文科的较低一级划分，包括语法、逻辑学和修辞学〔period〕Perhaps more than once one may have wonderedwhy the wordperiod has the sense "punctuation mark ( . )” as well as some of its other senses having to do with time.The answer to this question lies in the senses of the Greek wordperiodos from which our word is descended. Periodos, made up of peri-, "around,” and hodos, "way,” meant such things as "going round, way round, going round in a circle, circuit,”and with regard to time "cycle or period of time.”The word also meant "the period of menstruation.”In rhetoric it referred to "a group of words organically related in grammar and sense.”The Greek word was adopted into Latin asperihodos with only its rhetorical sense and one other sense,but in Medieval Latin it reacquired senses it had in Greek,such as "cycle,” and acquired a new sense,"a punctuation mark used at the end of a rhetorical period.”Although this sense is recorded in Medieval Latin,it is not recorded in English until 1609.But the wordperiod had entered Middle English from Medieval Latin and Old French, first being recorded in a work written around 1425in the sense "a cycle of recurrence of a disease.”或许任何人都会不止一次的发出疑问，为什么period 有“标点符号（。）”的意思， 同时其它意思与时间有关。此问的答案来自我们的单词源自的希腊语单词periodos 的意思。 Periodos ，由意为“周围”的 peri- 和意为“方式”的 hodos 组成， 该词意味着“围绕…走，围绕…的路，转圈走，围绕，”同时也指时间，意为“一段时间或时间周期”。此词也意为“经期”。在修辞学中指“一组在语法和词意上有机相连的词。”这个希腊词作为perihodos 被拉丁文所采用， 仅带有修辞和一个其他的意思，但在中世纪拉丁语中它重新得到了它在希腊语中的意思，例如“周期”，后来又得到一个新的意思，即“用于修辞部分末尾的标点符号”。尽管此意在中世纪拉丁语中有记载，但直到1609年才在英语中有记载。而period 从中世纪拉丁文和古法语中进入中世纪英语， 并首次记载于约1425年所著的作品中，意为“疾病发作的周期”〔topic〕Obsolete topic [rhetorical argument] [sing. of] Topics [title of a work by Aristotle] 废语 topic [修辞学的辩论] Topics的单数 [亚里斯多德一部作品的标题] 〔rhetoric〕A treatise or book discussing this art.修辞学著作：讨论这种艺术的论文或书籍〔rhetorician〕An expert in or teacher of rhetoric.修辞学的专家或教师〔rhetorical〕Of or relating to rhetoric.辞藻华丽的：属于或有关修辞学的〔Seneca〕Roman Stoic philosopher, writer, and tutor of Nero. His works include treatises on rhetoric and governance and numerous plays that influenced Renaissance and Elizabethan drama.塞内加，卢西乌斯·安奈乌斯：(4) 罗马斯多葛派哲学家、作家、尼禄的私人教师，他的作品包括关于修辞学和统治的论文和大量的戏剧，曾影响了文艺复兴和伊丽莎白女王一世时代的戏剧 |
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