| 单词 | 反常 |
| 释义 | 〔flatfoot〕pl. flat.feet[-fēt'] A condition in which the arch of the foot is abnormally flattened down so that the entire sole makes contact with the ground.【复数】 flat.feet[-fēt'] 平足：足弓反常扁平而使整个足底都着地的病状〔affectation〕These nouns refer to personal behavior assumed for effect.Anaffectation is an artificial habit, as of speech or dress, that is often adopted in imitation of an admired person and that can be identified by others as being unnatural: 这些名词都表示假装以求效果的个人行为。对于affection ，是指一种不自然的言语或服饰习惯， 通常是模仿所崇拜的人物或模仿被他人认为是反常的事物： 〔anomaly〕Deviation or departure from the normal or common order, form, or rule:不按常规，不规则，反常，异常：偏离或违背正常的一般的顺序、形式或规则：〔unearthly〕Ridiculously unreasonable or uncustomary; absurd:反常的，荒谬的：荒谬无理的或非习惯的；荒谬的：〔cuss〕An odd or perverse creature.家伙，畜生：古怪的或反常的人或动物〔gigantism〕The quality or state of being gigantic; abnormally large size.巨大，庞大：巨大的性质或状态；反常地大尺码〔freakish〕Markedly unusual or abnormal; strange:奇特的：明显不寻常或反常的；奇怪的：〔wry〕Abnormally twisted or bent to one side; crooked:扭曲的、歪斜的：反常地扭曲或歪向一边的；歪曲的：〔perversion〕A sexual practice or act considered abnormal or deviant.性欲倒错，性变态：被认为反常或违背社会道德标准的性体验或性行为〔amiss〕In an improper, defective, unfortunate, or mistaken way.错误地，不正确地：反常地、有缺陷地、不幸地或错误地〔abnormality〕The condition of not being normal.反常，变态：不正常的状态〔astraphobia〕An abnormal fear of lightning and thunder.雷电恐惧：对雷电的反常恐惧〔eccentricity〕An example or instance of eccentric behavior.怪癖：古怪反常行为的事例或典型〔unearthly〕telephoned me at an unearthly hour.在一个反常的时刻打电话给我〔abnormal〕Not typical, usual, or regular; not normal; deviant.反常的，异常的：非一般的、不平常的或非惯例的；不正常的；反常的〔epiphytotic〕Of, relating to, or characterized by a sudden or abnormally destructive outbreak of a plant disease, usually over an extended geographic area.植物流行病的：关于或以植物突然病害或反常的破坏性发作为特征的，通常发生在开阔的地域〔perversity〕An instance of being perverse.错乱：反常的实例〔eccentricity〕Deviation from the normal, expected, or established.反常：对正常、应当或既定的东西的违背〔rogue〕To remove deviant plants.除去反常的植物〔principle〕Despite generations of spelling lessons,the wordsprinciple and principal are still commonly confused. Perhaps an understanding of their history will help in keeping them straight.Both words go back to the same Latin word,prīnceps, meaning "first, as in time, position, or authority.”The split that has caused all the trouble occurred in the next stage of development.Fromprīnceps were derived the noun prīncipium, "start, origin, guiding principle,” the adjectiveprīncipālis, "first in importance or esteem,” and the noun prīncipālis, "a leading citizen.” Clearly the latter two words with theā between the p and the l have given us the adjectiveprincipal (first recorded around 1300) and the noun principal (also first recorded in a work composed around 1300).Perhaps it should not be mentioned that one Middle English spelling for the noun wasprinciple. On the other hand,the Latin wordprīncipium and its Old French descendant principe were involved in the creation of the word principle in Middle English, first recorded in a work written around 1380.Words likemanciple and participle influenced the spelling of this new word, but again perhaps we should keep silent about the fact that we also find the word spelledprincipal and prinsipal in Middle English. A key point to remember about these seemingly aberrant Middle English spellings isthat in Middle English spelling was not nearly as fixed as it usually is today,a development that was much furthered by the invention of printing.When we interchange spellings forprinciple and principal, we are doing something that would have been less of a fault in the days before the conformity imposed on us by this marvelous invention. 尽管在拼写课上反复强调，principle 和 principal 还是被人们搞混。 或许了解一下这两个词的历史有助于我们弄清楚它们的拼写。两个词都可追溯到同一个拉丁词princeps， 意为“在时间，地位或权威上第一的”。引起所有麻烦的分裂出现在发展过程的下一个阶段。从princeps 派生出了名词 principium， 意为“开端，根源，指导性原则，” 形容词principalis “最重要的或最受尊敬的”及名词 principalis 意为“处于领导地位的公民”。 显然，后两个词在p 和 l 之间带有 ā， 这就使我们有了形容词principal （最早记录于1300年左右）和名词 principal （最早记录也是在大约1300年左右创作的作品中）。或许我们不应提到这个名词在中古英语中的一种拼法是principle 。 另一方面，拉丁词principium 和其古法词的派生词 principe 共同作用创造了中古英语单词 principle， 最早记录于写于约1380年的一部作品。象manciple 和 participle 这样的单词都影响了这个新单词的拼写， 但是或许我们应该再一次对于这个单词也曾在中古英语中被拼写成principal 和 prinsipal 这一事实保持沉默。 记住这些在中古英语中貌似反常的拼写的关键在于，在中古英语中的拼写方式几乎不象今天这么固定，因为当时还没有发明印刷术。当这项神奇的发明把拼写一致的原则加到我们头上之前，我们把principle 和 principal 的拼写互相交换，也算不上什么大错 〔health〕Soundness, especially of body or mind; freedom from disease or abnormality.健康：尤指身体或心智的健康；免受疾病或反常影响的〔perverse〕Arising from such a disposition.See Synonyms at contrary 有悖常情的：产生这种反常意向的 参见 contrary〔reverse〕Moving, acting, or organized in a manner contrary to the usual.反常的：与通常相反的方式移动、行动或被组织的〔endometriosis〕A condition, usually resulting in pain and dysmenorrhea, that is characterized by the abnormal occurrence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus.子宫内膜异位：指功能性子宫内膜组织出现反常的位于子宫外的情况，通常导致疼痛和痛经〔eccentricity〕"England is the paradise of individuality, eccentricity, heresy, anomalies, hobbies, and humors" (George Santayana). “英国是个人主义、怪诞、反常、邪教、异端、嗜癖和幽默的天堂” （乔泊·桑塔亚纳）。〔anomaly〕One that is peculiar, irregular, abnormal, or difficult to classify:畸形，变异形：特别的，不规则，反常的或难以分辨的事物：〔glycosuria〕Excess sugar in the urine, often associated with diabetes mellitus.糖尿：尿中反常量的糖，常与糖尿病有关〔sickie〕One who is mentally or emotionally deranged or perverted.道德败坏者，精神病患者：神经和感情混乱或反常者〔chondromalacia〕Abnormal softening or degeneration of cartilage of the joints, especially of the knee.关节软骨病：尤指膝关节的关节处软骨的反常软化或退化〔atypical〕Not conforming to type; unusual or irregular.非典型的，不标准的，反常的，不正常的：与类型不符合的；不寻常的或不合规格的〔out〕Out of normal position:反常地：离开通常的位置地：〔pathology〕A departure or deviation from a normal condition:反常：偏离正常状况： |
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