| 单词 | 圈套 |
| 释义 | 〔artifice〕Subtle but base deception; trickery.阴谋：精明的但是卑鄙的欺骗；圈套〔catch〕To take by or as if by trapping or snaring.诱捕：通过或好象通过圈套或罗网逮着〔mesh〕Often meshes Something that snares or entraps: 常作 meshes 罗网，圈套：用于捕捉或诱捕的物体：〔pitfall〕A concealed hole in the ground that serves as a trap.陷阱，圈套：作为陷阱用的地上的隐蔽洞穴〔unthinking〕proceeded, unthinking, into the trap.不加思考地就走进了圈套〔impeach〕Nothing hobbles a President so much as impeachment,and there is an etymologicalas well as procedural reason for this.The wordimpeach can be traced back through Anglo-Norman empecher to Late Latin impedicāre, "to catch, entangle,”from Latinpedica, "fetter for the ankle, snare.” Thus we find that Middle Englishempechen, the ancestor of our word,means such things as "to cause to get stuck fast,” "hinder or impede,” "interfere with,” and "criticize unfavorably.”A legal sense ofempechen is first recorded in 1384. This sense, which had previously developed in Old French,was "to accuse, bring charges against.”A further development of the sense had specific reference to Parliament and its formal accusation of treason or other high crimes,a process that the United States borrowed from the British.Although we have used it rarely at the federal level,impeachment stands as the ultimate snare for those who would take advantage of the public trust.没有事能象弹劾那样会使总统陷入窘境了，这既有词源的原因，又有程序上的原因。impeach 这个词能够通过英国法语中的 empecher 追溯到后期拉丁语中的 impedicare ， 意思为“抓住，牵连”，源自拉丁语中的pedica ，意思是“脚镣，圈套”。 于是我们发现中古英语中的empechen ， 我们现在这个词的前身，有着诸如“使牢牢困住”，“妨碍或阻止”，“干涉”和“令人不利地批评”等意思。empechen 在法律方面的意思最早在1384年被记录下来。 这个意思，原先在古法语中有一定发展，意思是“控告，指控。”这个意思的进一步发展到议会和议会对叛国罪或其他重大罪行的指控，这一程序是美国从英国那里借鉴而来的。尽管我们在联邦一级上很少使用，但是弹劾对于那些滥用公众信任的人来说是最终的陷阱〔inextricable〕an inextricable maze; an inextricable web of deceit.走不出的迷宫；无法逃脱的圈套〔crupper〕A leather strap looped under a horse's tail and attached to a harness or saddle to keep it from slipping forward.牵鞍兜带：穿过马尾下面的一皮革圈套，用来扣紧马具或马鞍以防止它向前滑动〔podagra〕agra [trap, seizing] * see ag- agra [圈套；捉住] * 参见 ag- 〔trap〕A stratagem for catching or tricking an unwary person.圈套：迷住或欺骗一个不警觉的人的计谋〔gin〕A snare or trap for game.狩猎用的陷阱或圈套〔mesh〕"Arabia had become entangled in the meshes of . . . politics"(W. Montgomery Watt)“阿拉伯已陷入…政治圈套当中”(W.蒙哥马利·瓦特)〔chicanery〕Deception by trickery or sophistry.圈套：通过诡计或诡辩进行的欺骗〔decoy〕An enclosed place, such as a pond, into which wildfowl are lured for capture.圈套：围起来的地方，如池塘，可把野鸡诱捕在里面〔flytrap〕A trap for catching flies.捕蝇器：一种捕蝇的圈套〔wile〕Trickery; cunning.欺骗，圈套；狡猾〔hook〕A means of catching or ensnaring; a trap.陷阱：捕捉或诱捕的方式；圈套〔lonely〕Henry Bradley, one of the four editors of theOxford English Dictionary, said "It is a truth often overlooked, but not unimportant, that every addition to the resources of a language must in the first instance have been due to an act (though not necessarily to a voluntary or conscious act) of some one person.”In many casesthis one person may have been an author,since the first recorded instance of a word is often found in an author's work.Of course, as Bradley warns,this is the firstrecorded instance; it is possible that a given author picked up the word or sense somewhere elseor that these reside undiscovered in an earlier work.In any caseit might be a minor relief of our condition the next time we feel lonely to know that the first recorded instance of the wordlonely occurs in the works of Shakespeare. The passage appears inCoriolanus (1607-1608) in a speech by Coriolanus to his mother Volumnia:"My mother, you wot [know] well/My hazards still have been your solace, and/Believe't not lightly—though I go alone,/Like to alonely dragon, that his fen/Makes fear'd and talk'd of more than seen—your son/Will or exceed the common or be caught/With cautelous [crafty] baits and practice.” Lonely here, of course, has the sense "solitary.” The dragon does not feel dejected,or if he does,he does not seem to know how to reach out to others effectively.牛津英语词典 的四位编纂者之一亨利·布莱德雷说： “人们经常忽视这样一个现实，但它并非不重要，那就是对某种语言词汇的每一次添加都首先是由于某一个人的行为（尽管不一定是自愿的或有意识的行为）”。许多时候，这一个人可能是个作者，因为一个词有记载的首次使用往往出自一位作者的作品。当然，正如布莱德雷所提醒人们的，这是首次有记载的 的例子； 某个作者可能是从别处学到这个词或这个意思，或是这个词或意思在更早的作品中已经出现，只是未被人们发现。不管怎样，当我们知道lonely 这个词的有记载的首次使用出现在莎士比亚的作品中时，这些都不大能减轻我们的沮丧心情。 在卡里奥拉纳斯 （1607-1608年）中， 卡里奥拉纳斯对他母亲弗罗姆尼娅讲的一段话中有这样的文字：“我的母亲，你清楚地知道／我的冒险一直是你的安慰，而且／不要轻信——尽管我要只身前往，／就象去面对一条孤单的 龙，他的沼泽／令人谈而色变，尽管并未亲见——你的儿子／决意或是胜过凡人或是被狡猾的圈套和手段擒捉”。 Lonely 在这里的意思当然是“孤单的”。 龙不会感到沮丧，即便它感到沮丧，他也不太可能知道如何让别人体会到它的感情 |
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