| 单词 | 备用 |
| 释义 | 〔improvise〕improvised a dinner for the unexpected guests; improvise a makeshift tourniquet.为不速之客准备晚餐；提供备用的止血带〔spare〕a spare part; a spare pair of sneakers.备用的一部分；一双预备的运动鞋〔control〕from Medieval Latin contrārotulāre [to check by duplicate register] 源自 中世纪拉丁语 contrārotulāre [通过备用记录来检验] 〔auxiliary〕Held in or used as a reserve:后备的，备用的：保存或用于储备的：〔enforce〕invoke emergency powers. 求助紧急备用部队。 〔pass〕The spare tire was nearly bald but would pass until we bought a new one.备用胎几乎磨光了，但还可凑和着用到我们买一个新的为止〔set〕To arrange properly for use:安排：适当布置以备用：〔scarcely〕We scarcely ever used the reserve generator.我们几乎从未用过这台备用发动机〔alcohol〕Theal- in alcohol may alert some readers to the fact that this is a word of Arabic descent, as is the case withalgebra and alkali—al being the Arabic definite article corresponding to the in English. The origin of-cohol is less obvious, however. Its Arabic ancestor waskuḥl, a fine powder most often made from antimony and used by women to darken their eyelids;in fact,kuḥl has given us the word kohl for such a preparation. Arabic chemists came to useal-kuḥl to mean "any fine powder produced in a number of ways, including the process of heating a substance to a gaseous state and then recooling it.” The English wordalcohol, derived through Medieval Latin from Arabic, is first recorded in 1543 in this sense. Arabic chemists also usedal-kuḥl to refer to other substances such as essences that were obtained by distillation, a sense first found for Englishalcohol in 1672. One of these distilled essences, known as "alcohol of wine,” is the constituent of fermented liquors that causes intoxication.This essence took over the termalcohol for itself, whence it has come to refer to the liquor that contains this essence as well as to a class of chemical compounds such as methanol.al- 包含于 alcohol 中的用法可能会使读者注意到这个词来源于阿拉伯语， 就如同algerbra 和 alkali--al 作为与英语中 the 相对应的阿拉伯语定冠词。 不过-cohol 的词源就不那么明显了。 它在阿拉伯语中写作kuhl， 是一种通常用锑精研而成的粉末，妇女们用它来涂黑眼睑；实际上我们由kuhl 这个词已可以得出作为备用的 kohl 一词。 阿拉伯的化学家们开始把al-kuhl 一词用来指“通过一系列方法而得到的细粉末， 这些方法包括将一种物质加热至气化状态再使之冷却的过程。”英语中的alcohol 这个词，是由该阿拉伯词汇入中世纪拉丁语之后发展而来的，用作这个意义的记录最早出现于1543年。 阿拉伯化学家也用al-kuhl 这个词指如通过蒸馏而得到的精华的其它物质， 英语词汇alcohol 的这一含义最早出现于1672年。 其中有一种被称为“酒精”的蒸馏产物是可以醉人的发酵液体的组成部分。alchohol 成了专指这一物质的词汇， 从此以后它也指包含该物质的液体及甲醇等化合物〔sausage〕from Late Latin [neuter pl. of] salsīcius [prepared by salting] 源自 后期拉丁语 salsīcius的中性复数 [用盐腌好备用] 〔cocoon〕A protective plastic coating that is placed over stored military or naval equipment.塑料披盖：一种塑料保护涂层，覆盖在备用的军用或海上设备上〔emergency〕For use during emergencies:应急的：为紧急事件备用的：〔copilot〕The second or relief pilot of an aircraft.副驾驶员：飞机上的副飞机员或备用飞行员〔pharmacopoeia〕A collection or stock of drugs.一批储存药品，一批备用药物〔emergency〕emergency food rations.紧急时备用应急的食物配量〔put〕To save for later use:储存…备用：节约以供后来的使用： |
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