| 单词 | 对手 |
| 释义 | 〔assassinate〕assassinate a rival's character.诋毁对手的名誉〔chess〕A board game for two players, each beginning with 16 pieces of six kinds that are moved according to individual rules, with the objective of checkmating the opposing king.国际象棋：一种两人参加的棋盘游戏，每人最初执16枚棋子，其中分为六种，每种按不同规则移动，目标为将死对手的国王〔keep〕To match one's competitors, colleagues, or neighbors in success or lifestyle:不落后，赶得上：赶上对手、同事或邻居，指在成就或生活方式上：〔cover〕To be responsible for guarding (an opponent).负责防守：负责盯住（某个对手）〔eliminate〕eliminated all political opposition;消除所有的政治对手；〔rival〕Latin rīvālis [a rival, one using the same stream as another] 拉丁语 rīvālis [对手，与另一个使用相同水流的人] 〔tennis〕Surprisingly, the origin of the wordtennis is not precisely known, even though much is known about the history of this sport. The word in the formtenetz is first recorded in a work written around 1400. The game referred to is what is now calledcourt tennis, or real tennis, which is played on a large indoor court with a specially marked-out floorand high cement walls off which the ball may be played.It seems likely that the Middle English formtenetz is from tenetz, an Anglo-Norman variant of the Old French word tenez, the imperative oftenir, "to hold,” and meaning "receive,” said by the server to his opponent.As this evidence indicates, tennis originated in medieval France,but the French called the game, then as now,la paume. Bytennis we do not mean what tenetz or la paume meant but rather lawn tennis, a term first recorded around 1874, shortly after an early form of lawn tennis, descended from court tennis, was introduced. Unlike court tennis, which is traditionally associated with the rich and the royal, tennis is open to players from a wide spectrum of society,although it certainly is not unconnected with the rich and the royal.令人惊讶的是，尽管人们对这项运动的历史知之甚多，但tennis 一词的起源却不被人所详细了解。 在约1400年，此词以tenetz 的形式第一次出现在书面上。 其所指的运动就是现在所谓的court tennis 或 real tennis ， 这是一种在有标记的地板的室内场地上进行的运动，场地四周有很高的泥灰墙。而中古英语的tenetz 有可能是从 tenetz 这个古法语中的盎格鲁-诺曼变体 tenez 得来的。 而该古法语词又是tenir 一词的祈使式， 意为“抓住，握住”，而发球人对其对手说时意义为“接住”。这一例子似乎说明网球运动起源于中世纪的法国，但是在法语中，这项运动从古至今一直被称为la paume 。 我们用tennis 这一词其实指代的不是 tenetz 或者 la paume 指代的事物，而是 lawn tennis 这一在1874年前后第一次被记录的词语所指代的事物，此时由庭院网球演变而来的草地网球的一种早期形式正在被介绍开来。 不象传统上与富人和贵族联系紧密的庭院网球，网球运动适合社会各阶层的人，当然这并不是说这一运动就与富人和贵族没有联系〔clothesline〕To knock down (an opponent in an athletic contest) by hooking the neck with an outstretched arm.摔倒：用伸出的胳膊勾住脖子击倒（体育比赛中的对手）〔over〕won a narrow victory over her rival; a distinct advantage over our competitors.险胜对手；明显优于我们的竞争对手〔goon〕A thug hired to intimidate or harm opponents.打手：一个受雇用去恐吓或伤害对手的暴徒〔maneuver〕The opposition had no room in which to maneuver.对手没有回旋的余地了〔Sulla〕Roman general and dictator (82-79) who marched on Rome and seized power from his political rival Marius (88).苏拉，卢西乌斯·科内利乌斯：(138-78) 罗马统帅和独裁者（82-79年），他率领军队进入罗马城，从他的对手玛略手中夺取了政权（88年）〔corrival〕A rival or an opponent.对手：对手或敌人〔armlock〕A wrestling hold in which the opponent's arm is held so that it cannot be moved.锁臂，夹臂：摔跤擒拿法，抓紧对手的手臂令其动弹不得〔edge〕The downhill racer edged her opponent out on the middle stretch.下坡滑雪赛的选手将她的对手慢慢挤出中央跑道〔play〕To act or behave so as to give an advantage to (an opponent).干对某人有利的事：行动或表现以使（对手）得利〔knockout〕A blow that knocks out an opponent.把对手击倒的一拳〔outbid〕We outbid our rivals at the auction.拍卖会上我们出价高于对手〔illy〕"Beauty is jealous, and illy bears the presence of a rival"(Thomas Jefferson)“美人的妒忌心很强，而且总是敌视对手”(托马斯·杰弗逊)〔undercut〕To impart backspin to (a ball) by striking downward as well as forward, as in golf and baseball.用下旋手法击（对手）：在高尔夫或棒球中向下或向前击球以制造逆旋球〔ward〕ward off an opponent's blows.避开对手的一击〔corrival〕rīvālis [rival] * see rival rīvālis [对手] * 参见 rival〔injurious〕made injurious statements about his rival.发表针对其对手的诽谤性声明〔Marius〕Roman general and politician. Elected consul seven times, he reformed the military and lost a disastrous civil war (88) to his political rival Sulla.马略，盖厄斯：(155?-86) 罗马将军和政治家，七次被选为执政官，他改革了军队，但在与其政治对手苏拉的内战中遭到惨败〔edge〕a slight edge over the opposition.See Synonyms at advantage 比对手稍具优势 参见 advantage〔patented〕Throughout the campaign, the candidate refuted his rival's criticisms with a series of patented responses.在整个竞选中这个候选人用一系列富有特色的回答驳斥了对手的批评攻击〔wristlock〕A wrestling hold in which an opponent's wrist is gripped and twisted to immobilize the opponent.扣腕：一方对手的手腕被另一方抓住并扭着使不动的角力〔cut〕During the debate my opponent kept cutting in.在辩论中我的对手不断地插嘴〔wrestling〕A sport in which two competitors attempt to throw or immobilize each other by grappling.摔跤：一项体育运动，其中两名对手通过格斗试图把对方扔出去或摔倒对方〔Bononcini〕Family of Italian composers, includingGiovanni Maria (1642-1678), a musical theorist who wrote chamber and voice music, and his sons Giovanni Battista (1670-1747), a noted rival of Handel, and Antonio Maria (1677-1726), an operatic composer. 博农奇尼：意大利作曲家族。包括琼瓦里·玛利亚 (1642-1678年），作室内乐和声乐曲的音乐理论家，和他的儿子 琼瓦里·巴提斯塔 (1670-1747年），韩德尔的有名对手，以及 昂托柳·玛丽亚 (1677-1726年），清唱剧作家 〔carry〕lost the game but carried the match.输掉了比赛但却战胜了对手〔spot〕spotted their opponents 11 points.胜过对手11分〔laugh〕We used to laugh at their provincial manners. I had to laugh when I saw who my opponent was.我们以前常常嘲笑他们粗俗的举止。当我得知我的对手是谁的时候，我感到好笑〔even〕Being equal for each opponent. Used of a score.两方的：每个对手都相等的。用于指分数〔Philistine〕It has never been good to be a Philistine.Samson, Saul, and David in the Bible helped bring the Philistines into prominence because they were such prominent opponents.Even though the Philistines have long since disappeared,their name has lived on in the Old Testament.The English name for them,Philistines, which goes back through Late Latin and Greek to Hebrew, is first found in Middle English,wherePhilistiens, the ancestor of our word, is recorded in a work composed before 1325. Beginning in the 17th centuryphilistine was used as a common noun usually in the plural to refer to various groups considered the enemy,such as literary critics.In Germany in the same centuryit is said that in a memorial at Jena for a student who had been killed in a town-gown quarrel,the minister preached a sermon from the text "Philister über dir Simson! [The Philistines be upon thee, Samson!],”the words of Delilah to Samson after she attempted to render him powerless before his Philistine enemies.From this usage it is said that German students came to usePhilister, the German equivalent of Philistine, to denote nonstudents and hence uncultured or materialistic people.Both usages were picked up in English in the early 19th century.做非利士人从来没有好处。《圣经》中的参孙、索尔和大卫使非利士人出名是因为他们是很优秀的对手。尽管非利士人已消失很久了，他们的名字却仍存在于《旧约》当中。他们的英文名称Philistines 可由晚期拉丁语和希腊语追溯到希伯来语， 是在中世纪英语中首先发现的，其中我们所用词的前身Philistines 记载在一部1325年前的著作中。 17世纪以来，Philistine 被用作普通名词并且常以复数形式出现， 意指被认为是敌人的各种团体，如文学批评家。在同一世纪的德国，据说在耶拿举行的纪念一名在市民和大学生争执中被杀的学生的纪念会上，牧师从“［非利士人比你强，参孙!］”中选取了一段做布道，就是迪莱勒在试图使参孙在他的非利士手面前变得软弱无力后说的那些话。这段话的用法中可见德国学生开始使用philister 作为 philistine 的德语替代语， 意指不是学生因此也就是没有文化以及不务实的人。这两种用法在19世纪早期的英语中均能找到〔deck〕He decked his sparring partner.他击倒了拳击训练时的对手〔knockout〕won the fight by a knockout.把对手一拳击倒对方而获得胜利〔stroke〕To rub lightly, with or as if with the hand or something held in the hand; caress.抚：用手或如同用手一般对手掌内的东西轻轻地摩擦；抚摸〔double〕doubled the score of his opponent.是他对手得分的两倍〔unparalleled〕Without parallel, equal, or match; unequaled.无双的：没有对等物或对手的；独一无二的 |
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