| 单词 | 惯用 |
| 释义 | 〔conventional〕conventional symbols; a conventional form of address.常用的象征；称呼的惯用形式〔grain〕A unit of weight in the U.S. Customary System, an avoirdupois unit equal to 0.002285 ounce (0.065 gram). See table at measurement 格令：美国惯用体系的重量单位，一常衡单位等于0.002285盎斯（0.065克） 参见 measurement〔tight〕Tight is used as an adverb following verbs that denote a process of closure or constriction, assqueeze, shut, close, tie, and hold. In this useit is subtly distinct from the adverbtightly. Tight denotes the state resulting from the process,whereastightly denotes the manner of its application. As such,tight is more appropriate when the focus is on a state that endures for some time after the activity has ended. The sentenceShe closed up the house tight suggests preparation for an impending blizzard. By the same token, it is more natural to sayThe windows were frozen tight than The windows were frozen tightly, since in this case the tightness of the seal is not likely to be the result of the manner in which the windows were frozen.With a few verbstight is used idiomatically as an intensive and is the only possible form: sleep tight; sit tight. Tight can be used only following the verb:The house was tightly (not tight ) shut. Tight 作副词用在表示关闭或压迫过程的动词后， 如squeeze，shut，close，tie 和 hold 。 在这种用法中，它与副词tightly有细微的差别。 Tight 表示过程导致的状态，而tightly 表示使用这些动作的方式。 因此，当焦点放在动作结束后仍然能持续一段时间的状态时，用tight 更为恰当。 句子她把房子的门窗紧紧地关起来 中表示准备迎接即将来到的暴风雪。 同样，我们说The windows were frozen tight 比 The windows were frozen tightly 更为自然， 因为这里的密封不大可能是窗子被冻上的结果。tight 还与几个动词结合惯用为加强语气的成分，且是唯一可能的形式： sleep tight； sit tight。 Tight 只能用于动词后：房子紧紧地 （而非 tight ) 关闭着 。 〔author〕The verbauthor, which had been out of use for a long period, has been rejuvenated in recent years with the sense "to assume responsibility for the content of a published text.” As such it is not quite synonymous with the verbwrite ; one can write, but not author, a love letter or an unpublished manuscript,and the writer who ghostwrites a book for a celebrity cannot be said to have "authored" the creation. The sentenceHe has authored a dozen books on the subject was unacceptable to 74 percent of the Usage Panel, probably because it implies that the fact of having a book published is worthy of special lexical distinction, a notion that sits poorly with conventional literary sensibilities,and which seems to smack of press agentry.The sentenceThe Senator authored a bill limiting uses of desert lands in California was similarly rejected by 64 percent of the Panel, though here the usage is common journalistic practice,and is perhaps justified by the observation that we do not expect that legislators will actually write the bills to which they attach their names. ·The verbcoauthor is well established in reference to scientific and scholarly publications, where it serves a useful purpose,since the people listed as authors of such works routinely include research collaborators who have played no part in the actual writing of the text,but who are nonetheless entitled to credit for the published results.动词author， 很长一段时间不再使用， 近年来又以“对某一出版作品的内容负有责任”的含义重新起用。因此，它已不完全同动词write 同义； 一个人可以写一封求爱信或未出版的草稿，但不是作者，某一人即使雇人写出一篇杰作也不能说是“创作”了作品。对句子他已就这个论题创作了十二部作品 74%的用法专题小组不能接受， 可能因为它暗示着一个事实，即一本已出版的书一定有特别的词汇意义上区别的价值，这是与传统文学观念不太相容的概念，并带有出版机构的意味。此句参议员提出了一个限制使用加利福尼亚地区沙漠土地的议案 ，同样有64%的用法专题小组成员不能接受， 虽然这里这种用法是新闻界实践的惯用。这恐怕是因为我们并不希望立法人员真的是写作一项议案然后在其上署上他们的名字吧。·动词coauthor 是在科学及学术发表论文的意义上建立的， 这里这个词的使用有一个重要意义，因为创作者名单上列出作为这部作品创作者的人通常包括共同研究人员，既使他们实际上并未参加写作，但不可否认地对出版物的结果做出了贡献〔vernacular〕An idiomatic word, phrase, or expression.习语，成语：惯用的词语、短语或表达方式〔grammar〕A normative or prescriptive set of rules setting forth the current standard of usage for pedagogical or reference purposes.规范文法：为教学或参考目的设定的，由一组通常或惯用的规则组成的标准〔barrel〕Abbr. bar.,bbl,bbl.,bl.Any of various units of volume or capacity. In the U.S. Customary System it varies, as a liquid measure, from 31 to 42 gallons (120 to 159 liters) as established by law or usage. See table at measurement 缩写 bar.,bbl,bbl.,bl.一桶液量之单位：许多体积或容量单位的任一个。在美国惯用系统中，它作为液体测量单位，数值在被法规或惯用法确立的数值31加仑到42加仑（120到159升）之间变动 参见 measurement〔wrong〕Not in accord with established usage, method, or procedure:不合的：与惯用的用法、方式或程序不一致的：〔bushel〕A unit of volume or capacity in the U.S. Customary System, used in dry measure and equal to 4 pecks, 2,150.42 cubic inches, or 35.24 liters.蒲式耳：美国惯用的体积或容量单位，用于度量干燥固体。十蒲式耳等于4配克，2,150.42立方英寸或35.24升〔formula〕A method of doing or treating something that relies on an established, uncontroversial model or approach:准则，方案：依据惯用的、无争议的模式或方法而采取的对某些事情的做法或处理方式： |
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