| 单词 | 殉道者 |
| 释义 | 〔Polycarp〕Christian martyr. A student of the Apostle John, he was burned at the stake during a period of persecution of Christians in Smyrna.圣·波利卡普：基督教殉道者。阿波斯尔·约翰的学生，在士每拿地方对基督徒的迫害期间被焚死〔protomartyr〕The first martyr in a cause. Used especially of the first Christian martyr, Saint Stephen.第一个殉教者：一项事业的第一位殉道者，尤指基督教第一位殉道者圣斯蒂芬〔martyr〕One who chooses to suffer death rather than renounce religious principles.殉道者，殉教者，烈士：指宁愿选择去死也不愿放弃其宗教信条的人〔confessor〕One who confesses faith in Christianity in the face of persecution but does not suffer martyrdom.基督教信徒：指在迫害面前声称信仰基督教但并未殉道者〔Ursuline〕After Saint Ursula , legendary British princess and martyr 源自圣 乌尔拉 ，传奇中的英国公主和殉道者 〔macabre〕The wordmacabre is an excellent example of a word formed with reference to a specific context that has long since disappeared for everyone but scholars. Macabre is first recorded in the phrase Macabrees daunce in a work written around 1430 by John Lydgate. Lydgate expressed it so because he thoughtMacabree was a French author, although he was actually dealing with the Old French phraseDanse Macabre, "the Dance of Death,” a subject of art and literature.In this dance,Death leads people of all classes and walks of life to the same final end.Themacabre element is thought by some to be an alteration of Macabe , "a Maccabee.” The Maccabees were Jewish martyrswho were honored by a feast throughout the Western Church,and reverence for them was linked to reverence for the dead.One of the biblical books of Maccabees also contains a passage (II Maccabees 12:43-45) mentioning sacrifices for the dead and their future resurrection,which has been used to defend the doctrine of Purgatory.Todaymacabre has no connection with the Maccabees and little connection with the Dance of Death,but it still has to do with death.单词macabre 是一个极好的例子，创造该词的来龙去脉除了学者之外早已被世人所遗忘。 Macabre 最早见于短语 Macabrees daunce 是在1430年前后约翰·利德盖特写的一本书中。 利德盖特这样表达是因为他认为Macabree 是源于法语的词， 实际上他指的是一个古老的法语短语Danse Macabre， “死神之舞，” 一个艺术与文学的主题。在这个舞蹈中，死神把各种各样的人带到了同一个终点。有人认为macabre 是 Macabe 的变体，“马加比人”。 马加比们就是那些犹太殉道者，在天主教会中通过节日表达对他们的敬意，对他们的尊敬和对死的敬畏是联系在一起的。基督教典籍中关于马加比人的书中有一段文字（Ⅱ马加比人12:43-45)提到对死者的祭祀和他们未来的复活，这段文字被用来捍卫关于炼狱的教义。今天macabre 与马加比人毫无联系， 与死神之舞相关甚少，但它仍与死亡有关〔Christopher〕Christian martyr often depicted as a giant who converted to Christianity and thereafter devoted himself to carrying travelers across a river. His feast, July 25, was dropped from the Catholic liturgical calendar in 1969.圣·克里斯托夫：基督殉道者，被描述为归依基督教的巨人，致力于将游人背过河去。 他的节日为七月二十五日，从1969年天主教礼拜仪式日历起中断〔martyrology〕An official list or catalog of religious martyrs, especially of Christian martyrs.天主教殉教者名册：一个官方清单或殉教者的目录，尤指信奉基督教的殉道者〔Cecilia〕Christian martyr traditionally regarded as the patron saint of music.西塞莉娅：基督教殉道者，传统上被视为音乐的保护神〔retire〕Despite the upbeat books written about retiringand the fact that it is a well-earned time of relaxation from the daily rigors of work,many people do not find it a particularly pleasant prospect.Perhaps the etymology ofretire may hint at why. The ultimate source of our word is the Old French wordretirer, made up of the prefixre-, meaning in this case "back,” and the verb tirer, "to draw,” together meaning "to take back or withdraw.” The first use of the English wordretire is recorded in 1533 in reference to a military force that withdraws.It is not until 1667 that we find the word used to mean "to withdraw from a position for more leisure.”In regard to the sting in all thiswe need to look at the source oftirer, "to draw, draw out, endure,”which ultimately may be from Old Frenchmartir, "a martyr,” probably reflecting the fact that martyrs had to endure the torture of being stretched up to and beyond the point of dislocating their bones.尽管有关于退休的乐观书籍，以及退休是从日常工作的严酷中解放出来的极好时光的事实，许多人并没有发现它特别令人愉悦的地方。也许retire 的语源学暗示了原因。 这个词最早的来源是古法语单词retirer ， 由在此意指“向后”的前缀re- 及意为“拉”的动词 tiver 合在一起组成，意为“撤回或退回”。 英语单词retire 的使用则最早记录于1553年， 指撤退的军队。直到1667年我们才发现该词用于表达“为得到更多的闲暇而退出职位。”考虑到所有这些词的负面含义，我们有必要看看tirer 的词源， 其意为“拉，拉出，容忍，”它可能最初源于意为“殉道者”的古法语martir ， 这可能反映了一个事实，即殉者不得不忍受四肢被拉直至骨肉脱离的酷刑 |
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