| 单词 | 烦恼 |
| 释义 | 〔chagrin〕The ultimate etymology of the wordchagrin, which comes directly to us from French, is considered uncertain by many etymologists. At one timechagrin was thought to be the same word as shagreen, "a leather or skin with a rough surface,” derived from French chagrin. The reasoning wasthat in French the word for this rough material, which was used to smooth and polish things,was extended to the notion of troubles that fret and annoy a person.It was later decided, however,that the sense "rough leather" and the sense "sorrow" each belonged to a different French wordchagrin. Other etymologists have offered an alternative explanation,suggesting that the French wordchagrin, "sorrow,” is a loan translation of the German word Katzenjammer, "a morning-after-the-night-before feeling.” A loan translation is a type of borrowing from another languagein which the elements of a foreign word,as inKatzen, "cats,” and Jammer, "distress, seediness,” are assumed to be translated literally by corresponding elements in another language,in this case,chat, "cat,” and grigner, "to grimace.” The actual etymology is less colorful,with the word probably going back to a Germanic word,.gramī, meaning "sorrow, trouble.”Chagrin is first recorded in English in 1656 in the now obsolete sense "anxiety, melancholy.”我们从法语直接借用的词chagrin 的最终词源被许多词源学家认为是不能确定的。 Charin 曾经被认为和由法语词 chagrin 派生出来的 shagreen “有粗糙表面的皮革或皮肤”是同一个词。 理由是，这种粗糙材料是用来打磨和抛光物品用的，法语里的这个词被引申到有了使人懊恼和烦恼的意思。但后来才确定，“粗糙的皮革”的含义和“沮丧”的含义分属于一个不同的法语词chagrin 。 别的词源学家提出了另外一种解释，说法语词chagrin “沮丧”是借译于日耳曼语词 Katzenjammer “醉后的难受感”。 借译是借用另一种语言，即外语词的成分，如Katzen “猫”，和 Jammer “沮丧，不舒服”， 并照那种语言的对应成分直译过来，在这种情况下为chat “猫”和 grigner “做怪相”。 实际的语源没有这么富于趣味，这个词极可能要追溯到日耳曼语词grami ， 意思为“愁苦，麻烦”。Chagrin 第一次出现在英语里有记载的时间是在1656年， 当时的含义“焦虑，忧郁”现已过时不用〔anxiety〕"Rich people have about as many worries as poor ones, I think" (Louisa May Alcott). “我认为富人和穷人的烦恼一样多” （路易莎·梅·阿尔科特）。〔eat〕What's eating him?什么事让他烦恼?〔divert〕To entertain by distracting the attention from worrisome thoughts or cares; amuse.See Synonyms at amuse 消遣，娱乐：通过把注意力从烦恼之事上转移开而娱乐；娱乐 参见 amuse〔torment〕To agitate or upset greatly.极大地烦恼或使烦乱〔annoyance〕The act of annoying or the state of being annoyed.恼怒，烦恼：恼怒的行为或被打扰的状态〔worry〕The act of worrying or the condition of being worried; persistent mental uneasiness.See Synonyms at anxiety 忧虑，烦恼：担忧的行为或处于担忧的状况；一直精神不安 参见 anxiety〔damnation〕Used to express anger or annoyance.See Regional Note at tarnation 该死，他妈的，讨厌：用来表达愤怒或烦恼 参见 tarnation〔fuss〕To disturb or vex with unimportant matters.使烦恼：使为小事烦恼，烦扰〔bother〕Used to express annoyance or mild irritation.用于表达烦恼或轻度恼怒〔weigh〕were weighed down with cares; responsibilities that wore me down.因忧虑而心情沉重；使我烦恼的责任〔vex〕To annoy, as with petty importunities; bother.See Synonyms at annoy 使麻烦，使焦急：因为小事而烦恼；使恼火 参见 annoy〔fuss〕To trouble or worry over trifles.大惊小怪：为小事烦恼或忧虑〔store〕great trouble in store for her.她的即将来临的大烦恼〔cloudy〕Troubled; gloomy.烦恼的：烦恼的；忧闷的〔dagger〕Something that agonizes, torments, or wounds.引起痛苦的事：引起痛苦、烦恼、伤害的东西〔exercise〕To absorb the attentions of, especially by worry or anxiety.引起忧虑：吸引…的注意力，特别是因为烦恼和焦虑〔cry〕To tell one's problems to someone else in an attempt to gain sympathy or consolation.获取安慰：把烦恼告诉别人试图获得同情或安慰〔unbosom〕To relieve (oneself) of troublesome thoughts or feelings.吐露：吐露烦恼的思想或感情〔salve〕To ease the distress or agitation of; assuage:解除痛或烦恼；减轻：〔chivvy〕To vex or harass with petty attacks:骚扰：用小规模的不断攻击使…烦恼或骚扰：〔huff〕A fit of anger or annoyance; a pique:激怒：一阵恼怒或烦恼；生气：〔cocooning〕"The harassments of daily life—looming nuclear incineration, rude waiters—have driven people to cocooning. They have gone to ground in their dens . . . to keep at bay the modern world"(George F. Will)“日常生活的烦恼——就像快要发生核焚化，粗暴的服务员——迫使人们变得作茧隐藏自己。他们走到隔绝处…以便在现实世界中给自己保留一个立身之所”(乔治F.威尔)〔vexation〕The act of annoying, irritating, or vexing.烦恼、苦恼：令人烦恼、生气或烦乱的行为〔funk〕Probably from obsolete Flemish fonck [disturbance, agitation] 可能源自 已废佛兰芒语 fonck [烦恼，焦急] 〔rub〕An act or a remark that annoys or hurts another.伤人感情的事，令人恼怒的话：使另一个受伤害或烦恼的行为或话语〔torment〕Great physical pain or mental anguish.折磨：极大的身体上的痛苦或精神上的烦恼〔anxiety〕"To be happy one must be . . . well fed, unhounded by sordid cares" (H.L. Mencken). “一个人要想快乐就必须…知足，不为贪婪烦恼。” （H.L.门肯）。〔lighthearted〕Not being burdened by trouble, worry, or care; happy and carefree.See Synonyms at glad 1无忧无虑的：不为烦恼、忧虑或担心所困扰的；快乐的和无忧虑的 参见 glad1〔Lubitsch〕German filmmaker whose sophisticated comedies includeTrouble in Paradise (1932) and Ninotchka (1939). 刘别谦，厄恩斯特：(1892-1947) 德国电影制作人，他的精深喜剧包括《天堂烦恼》 （1932年）和 《风流寡妇》 （1939年） 〔despite〕"He died soon after . . . of pure despite and vexation"(Sir Walter Scott)“他很快就死于单纯的怨恨和烦恼”(沃尔特·斯科特爵士)〔Salinger〕American writer whose works, most notably his novelThe Catcher in the Rye (1951), often concern troubled, sensitive adolescents. 塞林格，杰（罗姆）·戴（维）：(生于 1919) 美国作家，最著名的作品是《麦田捕手》 （1951年），他的作品常常关于烦恼而敏感的青年 〔still〕Free from disturbance, agitation, or commotion.安宁的：不受干扰、烦恼或骚乱的〔excruciating〕Intensely painful; agonizing.使苦恼的：使人极痛苦的；烦恼的〔worriment〕The act or an instance of worrying. 烦恼：使人烦恼的行动或事例〔vexation〕The quality or condition of being vexed; annoyance.烦恼的状况；烦恼〔nag〕To annoy by constant scolding, complaining, or urging.不断找岔，抱怨：由不断的责骂、抱怨或催促而产生的烦恼〔care〕An object or source of worry, attention, or solicitude:操心事：烦恼，关注或担忧的对象或根源：〔easygoing〕Living without undue worry or concern; calm.舒适的：生活不过于烦恼或担忧的；平和的〔shuck〕Used to express mild disappointment, disgust, or annoyance.呸！无聊！可恶：用来表示轻微的失望、厌恶或烦恼 |
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