| 单词 | 爵位 |
| 释义 | 〔inherit〕To receive (property or a title, for example) from an ancestor by legal succession or will.继承：通过合法继承或遗嘱从上一辈人那里接受（例如财产或爵位）〔peerage〕The rank, title, or jurisdiction of a peer or peeress; a duchy, marquisate, county, viscountcy, or barony.贵族：贵族或女贵族的爵位、头衔或权限；公爵、侯爵、伯爵、子爵或男爵〔knight〕Abbr. K,k.A man holding a nonhereditary title conferred by a sovereign in recognition of personal merit or service to the country.缩写 K,k.爵士：因为个人成就或对国家作出的贡献而被君主授予不能继承的爵位的人〔peer〕A man who holds a peerage by descent or appointment.一个由世袭或任命而获爵位的男人〔marchioness〕A noblewoman ranking above a countess and below a duchess. Also called marquise 女贵族，其爵位在伯爵之上，公爵之下 也作 marquise〔banneret〕A feudal knight ranking between a knight bachelor and a baron, who was entitled to lead men into battle under his own standard.方旗爵士：一种封建骑士爵位，其勋位在最低级爵士和男爵之间，有权率领随从在自己的方旗下上阵作战〔prince〕A nobleman of varying status or rank.贵族：各种爵位或地位的贵族〔marchese〕An Italian nobleman ranking above a count and below a prince.侯爵：意大利男贵族，爵位在伯爵之上，公爵之下〔ladyship〕Used withYour, Her, or Their as a title and form of address for a woman or women holding the rank of lady. 小姐：常与Your,Her, 或 Their 连用，表示称呼妇女或有爵位的妇女的头衔 〔peeress〕A woman who holds a peerage by descent or appointment.有爵位的女人：一个由世袭或任命而获贵族爵位的女人〔surly〕The fact that the wordsurly means "churlish" nicely indicates its fall in status. Churlish derives from the word churl, which in its Old English form ceorl meant "a man without rank, a member of the lowest rank of freemen,” as well as "peasant" in general. In Old Englishceorl may have been a term of contempt; it certainly became one in Middle English,wherecherl meant "base fellow, boor,” with churlish descending in meaning accordingly. Surly, on the other hand, started its life at the top of the scale but fell just as far. Looking at instances of this word in Middle English and Early Modern English,we see thatsurly was only one spelling for this word, another spelling beingsirly, which makes it clear that it came from the word sir, the term of honor for a knight or for a person of rank or importance in general. Thussirly, the form under which the early spellings of the word are entered in the Oxford English Dictionary, first meant "lordly.” Surly, entered as a separate word in the OED and first recorded in 1566, meant perhaps "lordly, majestic,” in its earliest use,subsequently being used in the sense "masterful, imperious, arrogant.” As the gloss "arrogant" makes clear, the wordsirly could have a negative sense, and it is this area of meaning that is responsible for the current "churlish" sense of the word.surly 意为“粗野的”事实生动地说明了这个词的地位下降。 Churlish 是 churl 的派生词，其古英文形式 ceorl 的意思是“没有爵位的男人，或者是自由民中最低等级的男人”，大概象“农民”一样。 古英语中ceorl 可能含有贬意； 中古英语中肯定是贬意，其cherl 的意思是“卑贱的人，粗野的人”，相应地 churlish 的意思也下降了。 另一方面，Surly 开始是个高尚的字，后来地位同样下降。 从中古英语和早期现代英语中的实例，我们可以看到，surly 的拼法只有一个， 另一个是sirly ，它清楚地表明这个字来自 sir （给于骑士或有等级或有身份的人的尊称）。 因此，sirly 这个字的最初形式记载在 牛津英语词典 中，开始的意思为（有威严的，高傲的）。 Surly 作为另一个字最初于1566年记录在 OED 中， 最初的意思是“老爷的、尊贵的”，以后的意思为“老爷般的、命令式的、傲慢的”。“傲慢”这个字条清楚地说明sirly 可能有过否定的意思， 也正是在这层意义上，它和目前“粗野的”意义有关〔peer〕A person who has equal standing with another or others, as in rank, class, or age:同辈，同等的人：与他人在如爵位、阶级或年龄上相当的人：〔baronetcy〕The rank or dignity of a baronet or a baronetess.准男爵，准女伯爵：准男爵或准女伯爵的等级或爵位〔baronetage〕The rank or dignity of a baronet.准男爵的等级和爵位〔ducal〕Of or relating to a duke or dukedom:公爵的，与公爵有关的，有公爵爵位的：〔marchesa〕An Italian noblewoman ranking above a countess and below a princess.女侯爵：意大利女贵族，爵位在伯爵之上，公爵之下〔chevalier〕A member of certain male orders of knighthood or merit, such as the Legion of Honor in France.士：被授予男性的爵位或者勋位的一成员，如法国的荣誉军团〔barony〕The rank or dignity of a baron.男爵等级或爵位〔ennoble〕ennoble a prime minister for distinguished service.因其杰出的功劳授予总理爵位 |
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