| 单词 | 的诗歌 |
| 释义 | 〔scold〕A scold is no poet and a scolding is not poetry, at least to the one being scolded,but it seems that the wordscold has a poetic background. It is probable thatscold, which is first recorded in Middle English in a work probably composed around 1150, has a Scandinavian source that is related to the Old Icelandic wordskāld, "poet.” Middle Englishscolde may in fact mean "a minstrel,” but of that we are not sure.However, its Middle English meanings, "a ribald, abusive person" and "a shrewish, chiding woman,”may be related toskāld, as shown by the senses of some of the Old Icelandic words derived fromskāld. Old Icelandicskāldskapr, for example, meant "poetry" in a good sense but also "a libel in verse,” whileskāld-stöng meant "a pole with imprecations or charms scratched on it.” It would seem that libelous, cursing verse was a noted part of at least some poets' productions and that this association with poets passed firmly along with the Scandinavian borrowing into English.骂人者不是诗人，谩骂不是诗，至少对被骂的人来说是这样的，但是scold 这个词似乎有着诗的背景。 Scold 这个词在中世纪英语中第一次被记录在一部大约于1150年创作的作品中，它有可能源于斯堪的纳维亚语， 与skald 这个在冰岛古语中表示“诗人”的词有关。 中世纪英语中的scolde 实际上可能意为“吟游诗人”， 但对此没有肯定说法。然而，它在中世纪英语中的意思是“说脏话、辱骂人的人”和“悍泼的、好骂人的女人”，可能与skald 有关， 如一些起源于skald 的冰岛古词语的意思显示的那样。 例如，古冰岛语中的skaldskapr 其褒义为“诗”，但也有“诽谤性的诗”的意思, 而skald-stong 意思是“刻有诅咒或符咒的杆子”。 看来，诽谤、辱骂性的诗歌至少是一些诗人作品突出的部分并与诗人这种联系稳步地随斯堪的纳维亚语被借入英语中〔Este〕Italian noble family that prospered from the late 10th to the early 19th century and exerted great influence on Renaissance literature through its support of poets and dramatists such as Boiardo and Tasso.埃斯塔：意大利贵族家族，从10世纪晚期一直兴旺到19世纪早期，通过布雅多和塔索等人的诗歌和戏剧对文艺复兴运动产生巨大的影响〔poeticism〕A poetic expression that is hackneyed, archaic, or excessively artificial.陈腐的诗语：平庸的、陈旧的或过分矫饰的诗歌表达法〔melody〕A poem suitable for setting to music or singing.适于歌唱的诗：适于为之谱曲或适用于演唱的诗歌〔Lanier〕American writer and musician noted for his melodic poems, including "The Marshes of Glynn" (1878). His novelTiger Lilies (1867) is based on his experiences as a Confederate soldier. 拉尼尔，锡德尼：(1842-1881) 美国作家和音乐家，以其韵律美妙的诗歌包括“格林的沼泽地”(1878年）而著名。他的小说《老虎莉莉》 （1867年）根据他作为一个南方邦联战士的经历而创作的 〔Moody〕American writer noted for his poetry and dramas, particularlyThe Great Divide (1906) and The Faith Healer (1909). 穆迪，威廉·沃恩：(1869-1910) 美国作家，以他的诗歌和戏剧闻名，尤其是《大分水岭》 （1906年）和 《忠实的治病者》 （1909年） 〔Sitwell〕Family of British writers, including DameEdith Sitwell (1887-1964), whose experimental poetry is collected in volumes such as Clowns' Houses (1918) and Music and Ceremonies (1963). Her brother Sir Osbert (1892-1969) is known especially for his five-volume autobiography (1944-1950). Their younger brother Sacheverell (1897-1988) wrote several volumes of poetry, including Agamemnon's Tomb (1972). 西特韦尔：英国作家家族，包括艾迪斯·西特韦尔 (1887-1964年）爵士，她的实验性的诗歌收集在以下诗集里，例如 《小丑的房子》 （1918年）和 《音乐与仪式》 （1963年）。她的哥哥 奥斯伯特 爵士(1892-1969年），尤以他的三卷本自传(1944-1950年）最为著名。他们的弟弟 萨切维雷 (1897-1988年）写了许多诗集，包括 《阿加门农的坟墓》 （1972年） 〔Bates〕American educator and writer best known for her poem "America the Beautiful,” written in 1893 and revised in 1904 and 1911.贝茨，凯瑟琳·李：(1859-1929) 美国教育家、作家，尤以她的那首“美丽的阿美利加（美国）”的诗歌最为著名，写于1893年，1904年和1911年两次修改〔dithyramb〕An irregular poetic expression suggestive of the ancient Greek dithyramb.充满激情的诗歌：使人联想起古希腊赞美酒神的合唱诗的不规则诗歌表达〔Poe〕American writer known especially for his macabre poems, such as "The Raven" (1845), and short stories, including "The Fall of the House of Usher" (1839).坡，爱德加·阿伦：(1809-1849) 美国作家，以其阴森可怖的诗歌如《乌鸦》(1845年）和短篇小说包括《厄舍大宅的倒塌》(1839年）而闻名〔sonnet〕A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.十四行诗体：一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通常有一种传统的押韵形式〔Anacreon〕Greek poet noted for his songs praising love and wine.阿那克里翁：希腊诗人，以其歌颂美酒和爱情的诗歌而闻名〔poem〕A literary composition written with an intensity or beauty of language more characteristic of poetry than of prose.诗体文：用比散文多的诗歌为特征的紧凑或优美的语言写的文学作品〔Housman〕British poet and scholar whose works appeared inA Shropshire Lad (1896) and Last Poems (1922). 豪斯曼，阿尔弗烈德·爱德华：(1859-1936) 英国诗人及学者，其作品收录于《什罗浦群少年》 （1896年）及 《最后的诗歌》 （1922年）中 〔Szymborska〕Polish poet noted for her metaphysical and witty poems concerning daily life and her many translations of French poetry into Polish. She won the 1996 Nobel Prize for literature.辛波丝卡，维丝拉瓦：波兰诗人，因创作有关日常生活的形而上学和睿智的诗歌，并把许多法国诗集翻译成波兰语而闻名。她是1996年诺贝尔文学奖得主〔elegy〕A poem composed in elegiac couplets.挽歌：用挽歌对句体写的诗歌〔monody〕A poem in which the poet or speaker mourns another's death.挽诗：诗人或演讲人哀悼某人逝世的诗歌〔Wieland〕German writer and translator whose works include ornate poetry, novels, such as the satireRepublic of Fools (1774), and translations of many Shakespearian plays. 维兰德，克里斯托·马丁：(1733-1813) 德国作家和翻译家，其作品包括词藻华丽的诗歌、小说，如讽刺小说《傻子共和国》 （1774年），另外还翻译了许多莎士比亚的剧本 〔limerick〕Etymologies can sometimes be a bit disappointing,as, for example,when one is told thatlimerick is named after a city or county in Ireland without being told why it is so named.Unfortunately, we run into a difficulty here that is not uncommonly faced by etymologists,namely, that no one is precisely sure why this piece of humorous verse was so named.One theory is that it was named for a group of poets who wrote in Limerick in the 18th century;another, that it came from a custom at parties of making up a nonsense verse and following it with a chorus of "Will you come up to Limerick.”In any case,the first limericks appeared in books published in 1820 and 1821,and the form was popularized by Edward Lear in a collection published in 1846.The word itself, however, is not recorded until 1896.Let us sum up by saying:"There once was a verse form named limerick./No one can account for the name of it./Some think from a game/Or from poets it came./If you know please come up to Limerick.”查看词源学后会经常令我们失望，这是因为，比如，当某人得知limerick 是由爱尔兰的一城市（或一个郡的）名字而来， 却并不告知这样命名的原因。不幸的是，我们碰到了一个词源学家经常遇到的难题，那就是，没有一个人能确定为什么这种幽默的诗歌这样命名。一种理论认为它是源于18世纪在利默里克写作的一群诗人；还有一种看法认为它是源于一种集会上的风俗，这种风俗要求写完一毫无意义的诗后众人合唱“你将去利默里克吗”。不管怎样，1820年和1821年出版的这种五行打油诗集子广为流传，爱德华·利尔于1846年出版的集子使这种形式得到普及。但是，这个单词直到1896年才有记载。我们可以通过这么说来总结：“曾经有种诗的形式名叫利默里克。/但没有人能解释它的名字。/有人认为源于一种游戏/或源于一群诗人。/如果你知道就到利默里克来。”〔layer〕a poem with several layers of meaning.有多层含义的诗歌〔accentual〕accentual rhythm; accentual verse.根据重音定的节奏；根据重音定节奏的诗歌〔Quasimodo〕Italian poet whose early nostalgic works contrast with his later socially concerned poetry. He won the 1950 Nobel Prize for literature.夸齐莫多，萨尔瓦托：(1901-1968) 意大利诗人，其早期的怀旧作品与后期关注社会的诗歌形成了对比。他获得了1950年诺贝尔文学奖〔quantity〕The duration of a syllable in quantitative verse.音节长短：在音量的诗歌中某音节的音长〔Bodenheim〕American writer of cynical, sometimes grotesque poetry and realistic novels, such asCrazy Man (1924). 博登海姆，麦克斯韦：(1893?-1954) 美国批判主义作家，有时写些怪诞的诗歌和现实主义小说，如《疯狂的人》 （1924年） 〔Coleridge〕British poet and critic who was a leader of the romantic movement. With William Wordsworth he publishedLyrical Ballads (1798), which contains "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” his best-known poem. 柯尔雷基，塞缪尔·泰勒：(1772-1834) 英国诗人批评家浪漫主义流派的倡导者，同威廉·华兹华斯一起出版了抒情歌谣 （1798年），里面包括了他最为著名的诗歌《老水手的故事》 〔Wigglesworth〕English-born American cleric and poet whose works include the popular poemThe Day of Doom (1662). 威格尔斯沃思，迈克尔：(1631-1705) 英裔美国牧师和诗人，他的作品包括受广大人民喜欢的诗歌《世界末日》 （1662年） 〔metaphysical〕Often Metaphysical Of or relating to the poetry of a group of 17th-century English poets whose verse is characterized by an intellectually challenging style and extended metaphors comparing very dissimilar things. 常作 Metaphysical 玄学派诗歌的：属于或关于17世纪英国诗人的诗歌的，这种诗歌的特点是风格极具智慧，引人深思，善用引申的暗喻来对比极其不同的事物〔diction〕a new poetic diction.新颖的诗歌词语。〔knowledge〕"Some have criticized his poetry as elitist, unnecessarily impervious to readers who do not share his erudition" (Elizabeth Kastor).“有人批评他的诗是精英主义的诗歌，那些没有他那种学识的人根本看不懂，这完全没有必要” （伊丽莎白·卡斯特）。〔itself〕Itself no great poem, it still reveals talent.尽管不是伟大的诗歌，但它仍展露了诗人的天赋〔Bryant〕American poet, critic, and editor known especially for his early nature poems, such as "Thanatopsis" (1817) and "To a Waterfowl" (1821). As editor and part owner (1829-1878) of theNew York Evening Post he advocated reforms ranging from abolitionism to free trade. 布赖恩特，威廉·卡伦：(1794-1878) 美国诗人、评论家和编辑，早期写过描绘大自然的诗歌，如死亡观(1817年）和致水鸟(1821年），他因此享有盛名。他曾主编《纽约晚邮报》 提倡从废奴到自由贸易的各方面的改革 〔poet〕In reading their verse aloud, few bards can compare to Dylan Thomas.在大声朗读他们的诗歌这一点上，很少有哪位人能与迪兰·托马斯相较。〔rune〕A poem or an incantation of mysterious significance, especially a magic charm.具有神秘意义的诗歌或咒语，尤指魔法〔Lazarus〕American writer. Her poem "The New Colossus" is inscribed on the base of the Statue of Liberty in Upper New York Bay.拉扎罗丝，爱玛：(1849-1887) 美国作家，她的诗歌《新的巨像》被镌刻在矗立于纽约湾北部的自由女神像基座上〔melic〕Of or relating to verse that is intended to be sung, especially Greek lyric verse of the seventh to fifth centuryb.c. 可歌咏的：可唱的诗歌的，尤指公元前 7世纪至公元前5世纪的希腊抒情诗或与其有关的 〔fescennine〕Latin Fescinnīnus [of Fescennia, a town of ancient Etruria known for its licentious poetry] 拉丁语 费欣尼俄斯 [费欣尼俄斯，古代意大利一个以粗俗下流的诗歌而出名的城镇] 〔Hughes〕American writer. Through his poetry, prose, and drama he made important contributions to the Harlem Renaissance. His best-known works includeWeary Blues (1926) and The Ways of White Folks (1934). 休斯，（詹姆斯）兰斯顿：(1902-1967) 美国作家。他的诗歌，散文和戏剧对哈莱姆文艺复兴做出了重要贡献。他最著名的作品包括《消沉的蓝色》 （1926年）和 《白人的方式》 （1934年） 〔speak〕His poetry speaks to one's heart.他的诗歌动人心弦〔epos〕A number of poems, not formally united, that treat an epic theme.原始史诗：一组没有正式结合在一起，但关于同一史诗题材的诗歌〔poetaster〕A writer of insignificant, meretricious, or shoddy poetry.See Synonyms at poet 冒牌诗人；蹩脚诗人：毫无意义的、俗气的或低劣的诗歌的作者 参见 poet |
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