| 单词 | 碳水化合物 |
| 释义 | 〔starch〕A naturally abundant nutrient carbohydrate, (C6H 10O 5) n, found chiefly in the seeds, fruits, tubers, roots, and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice, and varying widely in appearance according to source but commonly prepared as a white, amorphous, tasteless powder. 淀粉：一种自然常见的营养碳水化合物(C6H 10O 5) n，主要见于种子果实、块茎、根及植物的茎髓中，在谷类土豆、小麦和大米中尤为丰富。据来源不同而呈现不同外观，不过一般都能制成白色、无形、无味的粉末 〔callose〕A complex branched carbohydrate commonly associated with sieve areas of sieve elements.胼胝质：一种枝条繁杂的碳水化合物，与筛网元素的筛网区域相配合〔corticosterone〕A corticosteroid, C21H 30O 4, that functions in the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. 皮质甾酮：一种类皮质激素，C21H 30O 4，其作用于碳水化合物和蛋白质的新陈代谢 〔glycolipid〕A lipid that contains carbohydrate groups.糖脂质：含有碳水化合物的一种脂类物质〔disaccharide〕Any of a class of carbohydrates, including lactose and sucrose, that yield two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis.双糖：碳水化合物的一种，包括乳糖和蔗糖，在水解下可生成两个单糖〔food〕Material, usually of plant or animal origin, that contains or consists of essential body nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals, and is ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life.食物，粮食：通常是源于植物和动物的物质，包含有人体所需营养的基本成分或由其构成，如碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素和矿物质等，由产生能量、促进发育和维持生命的组织消化并吸收〔chemosynthesis〕Synthesis of carbohydrate from carbon dioxide and water using energy obtained from the chemical oxidation of simple inorganic compounds. This form of synthesis is limited to certain bacteria and fungi.化学合成：用简单无机化合物的化学氧化所产生的能量将二氧化碳和水合成碳水化合物。这种化学合成形式只限于某些细菌和真菌〔insulin〕A polypeptide hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans and functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, especially the conversion of glucose to glycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level.胰岛素：一种胰岛分泌的多肽激素，作用于碳水化合物和脂肪新陈代谢的调节系统，特别作用于葡萄糖向降低血糖的糖原转化的过程〔glucocorticoid〕Any of a group of steroid hormones, such as cortisone, that are produced by the adrenal cortex, are involved in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory properties.糖皮质激素：一类皮质激素，如皮质酮，由肾腺皮质产生，含有碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪代谢作用，具有抗炎症的特性〔somatotropin〕A polypeptide hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that promotes growth of the body, especially by stimulating the release of somatomedin, and that influences the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Also called growth hormone ,somatotropic hormone 生长激素：由垂体前叶分泌出来的促进身体生长的一种多肽荷尔蒙，尤其指通过刺激释放生长调节素以及影响蛋白质、碳水化合物及油脂物的新陈代谢作用物质者 也作 growth hormone,somatotropic hormone〔yeast〕Any of various unicellular fungi of the genusSaccharomyces, especially S. cerevisiae, reproducing by budding and from ascospores and capable of fermenting carbohydrates. 酵母菌：一种酵母菌 属的单细胞真菌，尤指 S.cerevisiae ，通过发芽和从子囊孢子生殖，能够发酵成碳水化合物 〔monosaccharide〕A carbohydrate that cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis, especially one of the hexoses, having the general formula C6H 12O 6. Also called simple sugar 单糖：一种不能被水解的碳水化合物，尤指有普通分子式C6H 12O 6的己糖之一 也作 simple sugar〔phosphatase〕Any of numerous enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of esters of phosphoric acid and are important in the absorption and metabolism of carbohydrates, nucleotides, and phospholipids and in the calcification of bone.磷酸酶：一种酶，它可催化磷酸酯的水解作用，并对碳水化合物、核苷酸和磷脂的吸收、代谢以及骨骼的钙化都十分重要〔gluconeogenesis〕The formation of glucose, especially by the liver, from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and the glycerol portion of fats.糖质新生：葡萄糖的形成，尤指通过肝脏从非碳水化合物如氨基酸和丙三醇中形成〔lipid〕Any of a group of organic compounds, including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides, that are insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents, are oily to the touch, and together with carbohydrates and proteins constitute the principal structural material of living cells.脂质，脂：一种包括脂肪、油茶、蜡、类固醇和甘油三酸脂的有机物，不能溶于水，却能溶于普通有机溶剂中，摸上去有油腻感，与碳水化合物和蛋白质构成了生命细胞的主要结构成分〔sucrose〕A crystalline disaccharide carbohydrate, C12H 22O 11, found in many plants but extracted as ordinary sugar mainly from sugar cane and sugar beets, widely used as a sweetener or preservative and in the manufacture of plastics and cellulose. Also called saccharose 蔗糖：一种水溶性、二糖类碳水化合物，C12H 22O 11，天然存在于许多植物中，但主要从甘蔗和甜菜中提取作为普通糖，广泛地作用增甜剂或防腐剂，也用于塑料和纤维素的制作过程 也作 saccharose〔lectin〕Any of several plant glycoproteins that bind to specific carbohydrate groups on the plasma membrane of cells, used in the laboratory to stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes and to agglutinate red blood cells.植物凝血素：任一种与细胞质膜上的特定碳水化合物结合的植物糖蛋白，在实验室中用来加速淋巴细胞的繁殖和红血细胞的凝结〔zymosan〕An insoluble carbohydrate from the cell wall of yeast, used especially in the immunoassay of properdin.酵母聚糖：来自于酵母细胞壁的一种难溶解的碳水化合物，尤用在免疫蛋白质的免疫分析中〔carbohydrate〕Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals. These compounds are produced by photosynthetic plants and contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio 1:2:1.碳水化合物，糖类：包含糖、淀粉、植物纤维素和树脂，并作为动物饮食的主要能量来源的一组有机化合物。这些化合物由进行光合作用的绿色植物产生，仅含碳、氢和氧原子，通常它们的比例是1:2:1〔ketose〕Any of various carbohydrates containing a ketone group.酮糖：含酮基的一种碳水化合物〔cortisone〕A naturally occurring corticosteroid, C21H 28O 5, that functions primarily in carbohydrate metabolism and is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, adrenal insufficiency, certain allergies, and gout. 皮质酮：一种自然产生的类皮质激素，C21H 28O 5，主要作用于碳水化合物的新陈代谢并用于风湿性关节炎、肾上腺不足、某些过敏症和痛风的治疗 〔Haworth〕British biochemist. He shared a 1937 Nobel Prize for his research on carbohydrates and vitamin C.霍沃斯，沃尔特·诺尔曼：(1883-1950) 英国生物化学家，因其在碳水化合物和维生素C方面的研究而获1937年诺贝尔奖〔lignin〕A complex polymer, the chief noncarbohydrate constituent of wood, that binds to cellulose fibers and hardens and strengthens the cell walls of plants.木质素：一种复杂聚合物，是木头非碳水化合物的主要组成物，作用是凝聚纤维素并增强细胞壁的强度〔polysaccharide〕Any of a class of carbohydrates, such as starch and cellulose, consisting of a number of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds.多糖，多聚糖：一类碳水化合物中的任一种，如淀粉和纤维素，由许多个由糖苷键联结的单糖构成〔anthracene〕A crystalline hydrocarbon, C14H 10, extracted from coal tar and used in the manufacture of dyes and organic chemicals. 蒽：一种晶体碳水化合物，C14H 10，从焦煤中提取，用于制造染料和有机化学物品 〔glycolysis〕The ATP-generating metabolic process that occurs in nearly all living cells by which carbohydrates and sugars, typically glucose, are converted in a series of steps to pyruvic acid.糖酵解：磷酸酯衍生物代谢过程，发生于几乎所有活细胞，通过这一过程，碳水化合物和糖、典型的如葡萄糖，经过一系步骤转化成乳酸〔Leloir〕French-born Argentine biochemist. He won a 1970 Nobel Prize for the discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates.勒卢瓦尔，路易斯·费德里克：(生于 1906) 法裔阿根廷籍生物化学家。因其发现了糖核苷酸及其在碳水化合物的生物合成中所起的作用而荣获1970年诺贝尔奖〔pectin〕Any of a group of water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates of high molecular weight found in ripe fruits, such as apples, plums, and grapefruit, and used to jell various foods, drugs, and cosmetics.果胶：任一种用于凝结各种食物、药品和化装品的高分子量且溶于水的胶质碳水化合物，存在于如苹果、杏和葡萄等成熟的水果中〔carbohydrase〕Any of various enzymes, such as amylase, that catalyze the hydrolysis of a carbohydrate.糖酶：任何一种在碳水化合物的水解作用中起催化作用的酶，如淀粉酶〔cellulose〕A complex carbohydrate, (C6H 10O 5) n, that is composed of glucose units, forms the main constituent of the cell wall in most plants, and is important in the manufacture of numerous products, such as paper, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and explosives. 纤维素：一种复杂的碳水化合物， (C6H 10O 5) n，由葡萄糖分子组成，是大部分植物细胞壁的主要成分，在许多产品生产如纸张、织物、药物和炸药中起着重要作用 〔enolase〕An enzyme present in muscle tissue that acts in carbohydrate metabolism.烯醇酶：一种存在于肌肉组织里的酶，在碳水化合物的新陈代谢中起作用〔glycogen〕A polysaccharide, (C6H 10O 5) n, that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals and occurs primarily in the liver and muscle tissue. It is readily converted to glucose as needed by the body to satisfy its energy needs. Also called animal starch 肝糖：糖原，(C6H 10O 5) n，构成碳水化合物贮存在动物体组织中的主要形式，主要存在于肝和肌肉，可备来转化成葡萄糖以补充身体所需能量 也作 animal starch |
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