| 单词 | 维生素 |
| 释义 | 〔choline〕A natural amine, C5H 15NO 2, often classed in the vitamin B complex and a constituent of many other biologically important molecules, such as acetylcholine and lecithin. 胆碱：一种天然的碳氢基氨，C5H 15NO 2，经常归类为维生素B复合体并且是许多其他生物重要分子的组成部分，如乙醯胆素和卵磷脂 〔enrich〕The dairy enriched its milk with vitamin D.乳制品商在其牛奶中添加维生素D以强化其养份〔orthomolecular〕Of, relating to, or being a theory holding that mental diseases or abnormalities result from various chemical imbalances or deficiencies and can be cured by restoring proper levels of chemical substances, such as vitamins and minerals, in the body.正分子的：属于、关于或成为正分子理论的，这种理论主张精神疾病或不正常是由各种化学物质失衡或缺少而引起的，可通过在身体内恢复以适量的化学物质（如维生素和微量元素）而治愈〔tocopherol〕Any of a group of closely related, fat-soluble alcohols that behave similar to vitamin E and are present in milk, lettuce, and wheat germ oil and certain other vegetable oils.生育酚：一组紧密相关的，脂溶性的酒精中的任何一种，反应类似于维生素E，存在于牛奶、莴苣、麦芽油和其它某些植物油中〔vitamer〕One of two or more related chemical substances that fulfill the same specific vitamin function.类维生素：两种或两种以上的相关化学物质之一，起同样特定维生素功能〔rickets〕A deficiency disease resulting from a lack of vitamin D or calcium and from insufficient exposure to sunlight, characterized by defective bone growth and occurring chiefly in children. Also called rachitis 佝偻病，软骨病：由缺乏维生素D或钙及日晒不足导致的缺陷疾病，症状为有缺陷的骨质发育，主要发生于儿童中 也作 rachitis〔megaloblast〕An abnormally large nucleated red blood cell found especially in people having pernicious anemia or certain vitamin deficiencies.巨母红血球：一种大得不正常的有核红血球，尤见于患恶心贫血或缺乏某些维生素的人身上〔megadose〕An exceptionally large dose, as of a drug or vitamin.大剂量：不同寻常的大剂量，如药物或维生素的剂量〔thiamine〕A vitamin, C12H 17ClN 4OS, of the vitamin B complex, found in meat, yeast, and the bran coat of grains, and necessary for carbohydrate metabolism and normal neural activity. Also called vitamin B 1 硫胺：一种属于维生素B复合物的维生素C12H 17ClN 4OS，存在于肉、酵母及麦麸中，在糖代谢和正常神经活动中不可缺少 也作 vitamin B1 〔menadione〕A yellow crystalline powder, C11H 8O 2, used in medicine as a vitamin K supplement. 甲萘醌：黄色结晶状粉末，C11H 8O 2，在药物中用作补充维生素K 〔Accutane〕A trademark used for the drug isotretinoin.爱优痛：异维生素A酸的商标〔xerophthalmia〕Extreme dryness and thickening of the conjunctiva, often resulting from a deficiency of vitamin A.干眼病：由于缺乏维生素A而引起的严重的眼球干燥和结膜增厚〔capsule〕A small soluble container, usually made of gelatin, that encloses a dose of an oral medicine or a vitamin.胶囊：小的可溶解的囊状物，通常用胶制成，内装一剂口服药或维生素〔Hopkins〕British biochemist. He shared a 1929 Nobel Prize for his discovery of growth-promoting vitamins.霍普金斯，弗雷德里克·高兰德：(1861-1947) 英国生化学家他因发现了助长维生素而分享了1929年诺贝尔奖〔Evans〕American anatomist who isolated four pituitary hormones and discovered vitamin E (1922).埃文斯，赫伯特·麦克利恩：(1882-1971) 美国解剖学家，他分离出了四个脑下垂体激素，还发现了维生素E(1922年）〔carotene〕An orange-yellow to red crystalline pigment, C40H 56, found in animal tissue and certain plants, such as carrots and squash. It exists in three isomeric forms and is converted to vitamin A in the liver. 胡萝卜素：一种桔黄色至红色的晶体色素，C40H 56，发现于动物细胞组织和某些植物中，如胡萝卜和南瓜。其存在于三种同质异构形式中并且可以在肝脏中转变为维生素A 〔scurvy〕A disease caused by deficiency of vitamin C, characterized by spongy and bleeding gums, bleeding under the skin, and extreme weakness.坏血病：一种由于缺少维生素C引起的疾病，症状为多孔的和爱流血的牙床，皮下出血和极度虚弱〔riboflavin〕An orange-yellow crystalline compound, C17H 20N 4O 6, the principal growth-promoting factor in the vitamin B complex, naturally occurring in milk, leafy vegetables, fresh meat, and egg yolks. Also called lactoflavin ,vitamin B 2 核黄素：一种桔黄色结晶化合物，C17H 20N 4O 6，在复合维生素B中的主要促进成长的因素，自然存在于牛奶、有叶蔬菜、鲜肉及蛋黄中维生素 也作 lactoflavin,vitamin B2 〔phytol〕A liquid alcohol, C20H 40O, used in the synthesis of vitamins E and K. 叶绿醇，植醇：一种液体酒精，C20H 40O，用于维生素E和维生素K的合成中 〔Northrop〕American biochemist. He shared a 1946 Nobel Prize for discovering methods of producing pure enzymes and virus proteins.那斯罗蒲，约翰·霍华德：(1891-1987) 美国生物化学家。1946年因发现生产纯酵素和毒素维生素的方法而获诺贝尔奖〔tachysterol〕An isomer of ergosterol that forms vitamin D2 when irradiated with ultraviolet light. 速甾醇：一种麦角甾醇的同分异构体，在用紫外线照射后形成维生素D2 〔food〕Material, usually of plant or animal origin, that contains or consists of essential body nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals, and is ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life.食物，粮食：通常是源于植物和动物的物质，包含有人体所需营养的基本成分或由其构成，如碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素和矿物质等，由产生能量、促进发育和维持生命的组织消化并吸收〔hypervitaminosis〕Any of various abnormal conditions in which the physiological effect of a vitamin is produced to a pathological degree by excessive intake of the vitamin.维生素过多症：由于过分摄入维生素而使维生素的生理作用达到病理程度的各种上不正常的状态的任何一种〔antiscorbutic〕an antiscorbutic vitamin.防坏血病维生素〔ergosterol〕A crystalline sterol, C28H 43OH, synthesized by yeast from sugars or derived from ergot and converted to vitamin D 2 when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. 麦角甾醇：结晶甾醇，C28H 43OH，由糖中的酵母合成或由麦角提炼而成，当受紫外线照射时可转化成维生素D 2 〔vitamin〕Any of various fat-soluble or water-soluble organic substances essential in minute amounts for normal growth and activity of the body and obtained naturally from plant and animal foods.维生素：各种脂溶性或水溶性生命物质之一，少量的这种物质对生命体的生长和活动至关重要，通常从植物食物中取得〔multivitamin〕Containing many vitamins.多种维生素的：包含许多维生素的〔megavitamin〕A dose of a vitamin greatly exceeding the amount required to maintain health.大剂量维生素：大大超过维持健康所需之量的维他命剂量〔fortify〕To strengthen or enrich (food, for example), as by adding vitamins.增加营养物：加入维生素强化食物等使之更有营养〔multivitamin〕A preparation containing many vitamins.多种维生素制剂〔ward〕took vitamins to ward off head colds.吃维生素以避免伤风〔Haworth〕British biochemist. He shared a 1937 Nobel Prize for his research on carbohydrates and vitamin C.霍沃斯，沃尔特·诺尔曼：(1883-1950) 英国生物化学家，因其在碳水化合物和维生素C方面的研究而获1937年诺贝尔奖〔beriberi〕A disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine, endemic in eastern and southern Asia and characterized by neurological symptoms, cardiovascular abnormalities, and edema.脚气：一种由于缺乏维生素B1引起的疾病，特别流行于东南亚一带，其特点为有神经病症状、心血管失常和浮肿〔provitamin〕A vitamin precursor that the body converts to its active form through normal metabolic processes. Carotene, for example, is a provitamin of vitamin A.维生素原：一种由身体通过正常新陈代谢过程，将其转化成活跃形式的维生素的前体，比如，胡萝卜素是维生素A的维生素原〔osteomalacia〕A disease occurring mostly in adult women that results from a deficiency in vitamin D or calcium and is characterized by a softening of the bones with accompanying pain and weakness.软骨病：一种主要由成年妇女患的疾病，由缺少维生素D或钙引起，特征为骨质软化并伴有疼痛和虚弱〔Dam〕Danish biochemist. He shared a 1943 Nobel Prize for the discovery of vitamin K.达姆，（卡尔·彼得）亨利克：(1895-1976) 丹麦生物化学家。因发现维生素K而获得了1943年的诺贝尔奖〔Eijkman〕Dutch hygienist and pathologist. He shared a 1929 Nobel Prize for his discovery of the nutrient, later called vitamin B1 or thiamine, that relieves beriberi. 艾克曼，克里斯蒂安：(1858-1930) 荷兰卫生学家，病理学家。他发现减轻脚气病的一营养素，后来称做维生素B1或硫胺素，并因此获得1929年诺贝尔奖 〔avitaminosis〕A disease, such as scurvy, beriberi, or pellagra, caused by deficiency of one or more essential vitamins.维生素缺乏症：一种因缺乏一种或多种必需的维生素而形成的疾病，如坏血病、脚气病、糙皮病等〔retinoid〕Any of various natural or synthetic derivatives of vitamin A.类维生素A：几种天然或合成的维生素A衍生物〔inositol〕Any of nine isomeric alcohols, C6H 12O 6·2H 2O, especially one found in plant and animal tissue and classified as a member of the vitamin B complex. 环己六醇，肌醇：一种同分异构乙醇，C6H 12O 6·2H 2O，尤发现于植物和动物组织内部并被归类为维生素B合成物中的一种 |
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