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释义 〔Murray〕British philologist and the original lexicographer (1879-1915) of theOxford English Dictionary. 默里,詹姆斯·奥古斯都·亨利:(1837-1915) 英国文献学家以及《牛津英语词典》 的最早编纂者(1879-1915年) 〔encyclopedist〕A person who writes for or compiles an encyclopedia.百科全书编纂者或撰稿人〔Gesner〕Swiss encyclopedist and naturalist who published an annotated bibliography of all known books in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew (1545-1549). HisHistoria Animalium (1551-1558) is considered the basis of modern zoology. 格斯勒,康拉德·冯:(1516-1565) 瑞士百科全书编纂者和博物学家。他出版了一本以拉丁、希腊和希伯来语写的所有知名书籍的有注释参考目录(1545-1549年)。他的《历史上的动物》 (1551-1558年)被认为是现代动物学的基础 〔lonely〕Henry Bradley, one of the four editors of theOxford English Dictionary, said "It is a truth often overlooked, but not unimportant, that every addition to the resources of a language must in the first instance have been due to an act (though not necessarily to a voluntary or conscious act) of some one person.”In many casesthis one person may have been an author,since the first recorded instance of a word is often found in an author's work.Of course, as Bradley warns,this is the firstrecorded instance; it is possible that a given author picked up the word or sense somewhere elseor that these reside undiscovered in an earlier work.In any caseit might be a minor relief of our condition the next time we feel lonely to know that the first recorded instance of the wordlonely occurs in the works of Shakespeare. The passage appears inCoriolanus (1607-1608) in a speech by Coriolanus to his mother Volumnia:"My mother, you wot [know] well/My hazards still have been your solace, and/Believe't not lightly—though I go alone,/Like to alonely dragon, that his fen/Makes fear'd and talk'd of more than seen—your son/Will or exceed the common or be caught/With cautelous [crafty] baits and practice.” Lonely here, of course, has the sense "solitary.” The dragon does not feel dejected,or if he does,he does not seem to know how to reach out to others effectively.牛津英语词典 的四位编纂者之一亨利·布莱德雷说: “人们经常忽视这样一个现实,但它并非不重要,那就是对某种语言词汇的每一次添加都首先是由于某一个人的行为(尽管不一定是自愿的或有意识的行为)”。许多时候,这一个人可能是个作者,因为一个词有记载的首次使用往往出自一位作者的作品。当然,正如布莱德雷所提醒人们的,这是首次有记载的 的例子; 某个作者可能是从别处学到这个词或这个意思,或是这个词或意思在更早的作品中已经出现,只是未被人们发现。不管怎样,当我们知道lonely 这个词的有记载的首次使用出现在莎士比亚的作品中时,这些都不大能减轻我们的沮丧心情。 在卡里奥拉纳斯 (1607-1608年)中, 卡里奥拉纳斯对他母亲弗罗姆尼娅讲的一段话中有这样的文字:“我的母亲,你清楚地知道/我的冒险一直是你的安慰,而且/不要轻信——尽管我要只身前往,/就象去面对一条孤单的 龙,他的沼泽/令人谈而色变,尽管并未亲见——你的儿子/决意或是胜过凡人或是被狡猾的圈套和手段擒捉”。 Lonely 在这里的意思当然是“孤单的”。 龙不会感到沮丧,即便它感到沮丧,他也不太可能知道如何让别人体会到它的感情〔Purchas〕English compiler of travel books, such asPurchas, His Pilgrimage (1613). 珀切斯,塞缪尔:(1577?-1626) 美国游记和探险作品的编纂者,编有《珀切斯,他的旅行》 (1613年)一书 〔Varro〕Roman scholar and encyclopedist who reputedly produced more than 600 volumes, covering nearly every field of knowledge.瓦罗,马库斯·泰伦提乌斯:(116-27) 罗马学者和百科全书编纂者,据说他编纂了600多卷,几乎涵盖了每一领域的知识〔encyclopedist〕Encyclopedist One of the writers of the FrenchEncyclopédie (1751-1772), including its editors, Diderot and d'Alembert. Encyclopedist 法语百科全书编纂者或撰稿人:法语的百科全书 的作者之一(1751年-1772年),包括其编辑,迪德洛特和达兰贝尔 〔Johnson〕British writer and lexicographer. The leading literary figure in the second half of the 18th century, he wroteDictionary of the English Language (1755) and Lives of the Poets (1779-1781). 约翰逊,塞缪尔:(1709-1784) 英国作家,辞书编纂者。他是18世纪下半叶最重要的文学界人物,著有《英语辞典》 (1755年)和 《诗人传记》 (1779-1781年)
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