| 单词 | 节日 |
| 释义 | 〔Valentine〕Roman Christian who according to tradition was martyred during the persecution of Christians by Emperor Claudius II. Another martyr named Valentine, who was bishop of Terni, a region in present-day central Italy, has also been suggested as the inspiration for our modern feast of Saint Valentine's Day.圣瓦伦丁：罗马基督教徒，据说他在皇帝克劳迪二世对基督教徒的审判中遇难，另一个叫圣瓦伦丁的遇难者是今天意大利中部地区的特尔尼的主教，他也被认为是我们当代圣瓦伦丁节日宴会的启示者〔proper〕The parts of the liturgy that vary according to the particular feast or season of the year.特定的礼仪：礼拜仪式的一部分，随一年中特定的节日或季节而变化〔Whitsunday〕from Old English hwīta sunnandæg [White Sunday (from the white ceremonial robes worn on this day)] 源自 古英语 hwīta sunnandæg [白色的星期天（因这天人们穿白色长袍庆祝节日而来）] 〔epiphany〕A Christian feast celebrating the manifestation of the divine nature of Jesus to the Gentiles as represented by the Magi.主现节：一基督教节日，纪念耶稣向以东方三圣为代表并向异教人民显圣〔begin〕festivities that commenced with the national anthem.以国歌开始的节日盛会。〔valentine〕Geoffrey Chaucer should perhaps receive honor as the real Saint Valentine.Although reference books abound with mention of Roman festivals from which Valentine's Day—the day for lovers—may be derived,Jack B. Oruch has shown that no evidence exists to support these connections and that Chaucer is most likely the first to link the saint's day with the custom of choosing sweethearts.No link between the day and lovers exists before the time of Chaucer and several literary contemporaries who also mention it,but after them the link becomes widespread,a circumstance that makes it seem likely that Chaucer, the most imaginative of the group, invented the tradition.The fullest and perhaps earliest description of the tradition occurs in Chaucer'sParlement of Foules, composed around 1380, which takes place "on Seynt Valentynes day,/Whan every foul cometh there to chese [choose] his make [mate].”杰弗里·乔叟可能应该接受作为真正的圣马伦丁的荣誉。尽管参考书中充满圣瓦伦丁节日──情人的节日──可能来源于罗马节日的提法，杰克·B.奥鲁奇已经表示没有证据存在去支持这些联系，并且认为乔叟是最有可能第一个把圣瓦伦丁节和选择情人的习俗联系在一起的。乔叟和他同时代的一些创作者曾有过这个提法，但在这之前，并没有人把某日和情人的联系存在，但是在他们之后这种联系开始广泛流传起来，这种情况使得这群人中最有想象力的乔叟创造了这个节日。关于这种传统的最完整可能也是最早的描述出现在乔叟的 Parlement of Foules（火鸡议会） 中， 作于1380年左右，发生在“圣瓦伦丁节/当每个火鸡都来到这里选择它的配偶”〔mum〕To go merrymaking in a mask or disguise especially during a festival.（在节日中）化装游玩：尤指在节日期间戴面具或化装出游〔mummer〕A masked or costumed merrymaker, especially at a festival.化装游玩的人：戴面具或化装出去欢庆者，尤其在节日〔Dionysia〕from Greek (ta) Dionusia (hiera) [(festivities) of Dionysus] [neuter pl. of] Dionusios * see Dionysian 源自 希腊语 (ta) Dionusia (hiera) [狄俄尼索斯的（节日）] Dionusios的中性复数 * 参见 Dionysian〔Lammas〕August 1, the day on which these feasts were celebrated.8月1日，在这一天庆祝这些节日〔catch〕caught the joyous mood of the festival.被节日的欢乐气氛所感染〔Christmas〕A Christian feast commemorating the birth of Jesus.圣诞节：纪念耶稣诞生的基督教节日〔denote〕Denote means "to mark" or "to signify directly"; connote means "to suggest or convey to the mind what is not explicit.”In speaking of words or expressions,denote describes the relation between the expression and the thing it conventionally names, whereasconnote describes the relation between the word and the images or associations it evokes. Thus, the wordChristmas denotes the holiday celebrated on December 25 and connotes turkey, mistletoe, and chestnuts roasting on an open fire.Denote 意思是“作标记“或“直接记作“： connote 意思是“暗示那些没有明显表示出来的意义”。在表示词和词组意义时denote 描述词语与某事物通常意义之间的关系， 而connote 描述的是这个词与它唤起的图象或联想之间的关系。 这样Chrismas 这个词指(denote)在十二月二十五日庆祝的那个节日， 并意味着火鸡、圣诞树或在篝火上烧烤的栗子〔Purim〕The 14th of Adar, observed in celebration of the deliverance of the Jews from massacre by Haman.普林节：纪念犹太人免遭哈曼的杀害的犹太教节日，即阿达尔月14日〔valentine〕A sentimental or humorous greeting card sent to a sweetheart, friend, or family member, for example, on Saint Valentine's Day.卡片：一种寄给情人、朋友或家庭成员的一种充满感情的或幽默的问候卡片，如在圣瓦伦丁节日时所寄〔festoon〕from festa [feast] 源自 festa [节日] 〔macabre〕The wordmacabre is an excellent example of a word formed with reference to a specific context that has long since disappeared for everyone but scholars. Macabre is first recorded in the phrase Macabrees daunce in a work written around 1430 by John Lydgate. Lydgate expressed it so because he thoughtMacabree was a French author, although he was actually dealing with the Old French phraseDanse Macabre, "the Dance of Death,” a subject of art and literature.In this dance,Death leads people of all classes and walks of life to the same final end.Themacabre element is thought by some to be an alteration of Macabe , "a Maccabee.” The Maccabees were Jewish martyrswho were honored by a feast throughout the Western Church,and reverence for them was linked to reverence for the dead.One of the biblical books of Maccabees also contains a passage (II Maccabees 12:43-45) mentioning sacrifices for the dead and their future resurrection,which has been used to defend the doctrine of Purgatory.Todaymacabre has no connection with the Maccabees and little connection with the Dance of Death,but it still has to do with death.单词macabre 是一个极好的例子，创造该词的来龙去脉除了学者之外早已被世人所遗忘。 Macabre 最早见于短语 Macabrees daunce 是在1430年前后约翰·利德盖特写的一本书中。 利德盖特这样表达是因为他认为Macabree 是源于法语的词， 实际上他指的是一个古老的法语短语Danse Macabre， “死神之舞，” 一个艺术与文学的主题。在这个舞蹈中，死神把各种各样的人带到了同一个终点。有人认为macabre 是 Macabe 的变体，“马加比人”。 马加比们就是那些犹太殉道者，在天主教会中通过节日表达对他们的敬意，对他们的尊敬和对死的敬畏是联系在一起的。基督教典籍中关于马加比人的书中有一段文字（Ⅱ马加比人12:43-45)提到对死者的祭祀和他们未来的复活，这段文字被用来捍卫关于炼狱的教义。今天macabre 与马加比人毫无联系， 与死神之舞相关甚少，但它仍与死亡有关〔hallel〕A chant of praise consisting of Psalms 113 through 118, used during Passover and on certain other holidays.哈列：《诗篇》中113-118篇的总称，用于犹太教的逾越节或别的固定的节日〔Oktoberfest〕Fest [festival] from Middle High German vëst from Latin fēstum [from neuter of] fēstus [festive] * see dhēs- Fest [节日] 源自 中古高地德语 vëst 源自 拉丁语 fēstum 源自fēstus的中性词 [喜庆的] * 参见 dhēs- 〔festival〕An occasion for feasting or celebration, especially a day or time of religious significance that recurs at regular intervals.节日，喜庆日：享受或庆贺的时节，尤指在宗教意义上有定期间隔的一天或一段时间〔Candlemas〕February 2, the day on which this feast is observed.二月二这天庆祝该节日〔gala〕A festive occasion, especially a lavish social event or entertainment.节日庆祝活动：节日期间的活动，尤指愉快热烈的社会事件或娱乐活动〔carnival〕A festival marked by merrymaking and feasting during the season just before Lent.狂欢节：一个大斋节前的节日，人们狂欢作乐并宴饮〔festive〕Of, relating to, or appropriate for a feast or festival.欢宴的，节日的：欢宴的、有关节日的或适合于节日的〔Respighi〕Italian composer known for his symphonic poems, such asThe Fountains of Rome (1917) and Roman Festivals (1929). 雷斯皮基，奥托利诺：(1879-1936) 意大利作曲家，以其交响诗著称，如《罗马喷泉》 （1917年）及 《罗马节日》 （1929年） 〔genial〕Latin geniālis [festive] 拉丁语 geniālis [节日的] 〔habdalah〕A religious ceremony observed at the close of the Sabbath or a holy day.安息日结束仪式：在安息日或其它节日结束时举行的一种宗教仪式〔feria〕from Late Latin [feast day (used with ordinals to name the days of the week)] 源自 后期拉丁语 [节日（和弥撒书一起用来给一周里的每一天命名）] 〔observance〕The act or custom of keeping or celebrating a holiday or other ritual occasion.施行习惯性礼拜：保持或庆贺节日和其它礼仪仪式的行为或习俗〔Martinmas〕A Christian feast observed in commemoration of the death and burial of Saint Martin of Tours.圣马丁节：天主教的节日，为纪念图尔主教圣马丁的死亡和葬礼而设〔transfiguration〕The Christian feast commemorating this event, observed on August 6 and, in the Eastern Orthodox Church, on August 19.耶稣变容节：纪念这个事件的基督教节日，在八月六日举行，对于东正教会，该节目在八月十九日〔subdue〕Subdued my excitement about the upcoming holiday.克制我那因即将到来的节日而产生的兴奋〔pariah〕from paṛai [festival drum] 源自 paṛai [节日小鼓] 〔holiday〕holiday cheer; holiday travelers.节日佳肴；假期游客〔luminaria〕In recent yearsit has become commonplace to see entire American neighborhoods decorated during holiday seasons withluminarias lining driveways, sidewalks, or rooftops. A luminaria is a votive candle set inside a small decorative paper bag weighted with sand.The bags are usually colored and often perforated with designsthrough which the candle inside shows as bright pinpricks of light.The custom of luminarias comes from Mexicoand is associated especially with the southwest United States.The same word is used for a similar holiday custom of the Pueblo peoples in New Mexico.On Christmas Evethey build a bonfire, called aluminaria, outside each house in the pueblo. 近年来，整个美国的住宅区在节日期间沿车道、人行道或屋顶装饰luminarias 变得很平常。 传统圣诞灯是放在放了沙子的装饰性小纸袋中的还愿蜡烛。这些纸袋通常五颜六色而且上面有孔，里面的蜡烛通过小孔发出细细的亮光。传统圣诞灯来源于墨西哥，尤与美国西南部联系在一起。同样的词也用于新墨西哥普艾布洛人类似的节日风俗。在圣诞前夜，他们在每座房屋前燃烧起一堆叫luminaria 的营火 〔Seder〕The feast commemorating the exodus of the Jews from Egypt, celebrated on the first two nights of Passover.逾越节家宴：纪念犹太人出逃埃及的节日宴，在逾越节的前两个晚上庆祝〔Bacchanalia〕bacchanalia A riotous, boisterous, or drunken festivity; a revel. bacchanalia 闹酒狂欢：狂欢的、喧闹的或酒醉的节日；狂欢〔observe〕To keep or celebrate (a holiday, for example):庆祝：保留或庆祝（如，节日）：〔ongoing〕an ongoing festival.正在进行的节日〔Lupercalia〕A fertility festival in ancient Rome, celebrated on February 15 in honor of the pastoral god Lupercus.牧神节：古罗马每年2月15日祭祀畜牧神卢比克斯以求兴旺的节日 |
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