| 单词 | 获得 |
| 释义 | 〔retreat〕The process of going backward or receding from a position or condition gained.撤回原位的过程：从已获得的位置或状况中后移或退却的过程〔Fowler〕American nuclear physicist. He shared a 1983 Nobel Prize for research on the evolution of stars.福勒，威廉·艾尔弗雷德：(生于 1911) 美国核物理学家。因为对恒星进化的理论研究与获得1983年诺贝尔奖〔show〕 Display often suggests an attempt to present something to best advantage: Display 经常暗示展示某物以获得最大利益的一种尝试： 〔Virtanen〕Finnish biochemist. He won a 1945 Nobel Prize for research on methods of preserving silage.维尔塔南，阿图里·伊勒马里：(1895-1973) 芬兰生物化学家。1945年因他对青贮饲料保存方法的研究获得诺贝尔奖〔earn〕a diplomat who had earned his spurs as the prime minister's personal assistant.外交家经过奋斗获得首相私人助理之职〔gimme〕Demanding material things or especially money; acquisitive:贪心的，贪得的：渴望得到实物的或者尤指钱的；想获得的：〔logistics〕The branch of military operations that deals with the procurement, distribution, maintenance, and replacement of materiel and personnel.军事后勤学：军事行动的分支，负责物资和人员的获得、分配、维护和补充〔hypermedia〕A computer-based information retrieval system that enables a user to gain or provide access to texts, audio and video recordings, photographs, and computer graphics related to a particular subject.超媒体：一种计算机信息检索系统，此系统能令使用者获得或存取某一特定主题的文本、视听记录、照片或计算机图象〔achieve〕To accomplish something successfully.获得：达到预期目的，如愿以偿〔Vaasa〕A city of western Finland on the Gulf of Bothnia northwest of Helsinki. Chartered in 1606, it was rebuilt after a devastating fire in 1852. Population, 54,497.瓦萨：芬兰西部一城市，临近波的尼亚湾，在赫尔辛基的西北。于1606年获得自治权，在1852年在一场灾难性大火之后重建。人口54,497〔Wiesel〕Romanian-born writer and lecturer. A survivor of Nazi concentration camps, he is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Holocaust. He won the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize.韦瑟尔，伊利：罗马尼亚裔作家和演讲者。作为纳粹集中营的幸存者，他致力于令后人铭记当年的大屠杀。他获得1986年诺贝尔和平奖〔Langmuir〕American chemist. He won a 1932 Nobel Prize for his work in surface chemistry.朗缪尔，欧文：(1881-1957) 美国化学家，以其在表面化学方面的工作而获得1932年的诺贝尔奖〔intrapreneur〕The wordentrepreneur is more than 150 years old, having come into English from French in 1828.But it is not until very recently that we find its intracorporate counterpart,intrapreneur, meaning "a person within a large corporation who takes direct responsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation.”This coinage is generally attributed to management consultant Gifford Pinchot,author of the 1985 book entitledIntrapreneuring; others insist its true originator was Norman Macrae, deputy editor of theEconomist, although Macrae himself denies it.Still, whatever its exact source,in the scant number of years since its inception the termintrapreneur has gained currency very quickly. It has also given rise to various derivatives,such as the aforementioned gerundintrapreneuring, the noun intrapreneurship (as in a September 30, 1985, interview with Stephen Jobs inNewsweek : "The Macintosh team was what is commonly known as intrapreneurship—only a few years before the term was coined—a group of people going in essence back to the garage, but in a large company"),the adjectiveintrapreneurial, and another noun, intrapreneurialism ("what has become known as intrapreneurialism, where people within the corporation acquire more adventurous small business outlooks,” by Ian Hamilton-Fazy in "An Uneasy Co-existence,”Financial Times, October 23, 1984). Broad use of a word and the development of numerous derivatives are strong signals predicting staying power within the language.Intrapreneur and its spinoffs are of particular interest to etymologists and lexicographers because they illustrate the constant changes inherent in a living language.entrepreneur 一词已有150多年的历史， 于1828年从法语传入英语。但是直到最近我们才发现其在公司内部的对应人物intrapreneur ， 意为“对通过果断地承担风险和革新使想法变为有利可图的成品这一过程承担直接责任的大公司里的高级成员”。这个新造的词普遍认为应归功于业务顾问吉福德·平肖，1985年出版的名为Intrapreneuring 一书的作者； 其他人坚持其真正的发明者是经济学家 杂志的副编辑诺曼·麦克里， 虽然麦克里本人否认这一点。然而，不管其准确的起源是什么，自它开始出现以来的短短几年中，intrapreneur 一词已很快流行开来。 它同样产生了多个衍生词，例如前面提到的动名词intrapreneuring ，名词 intrapreneurship （例如新闻周刊 于1985年9月30日斯蒂芬·乔布斯的采访中： “马金托什队通常地以出色的企业运作而闻名——仅仅是这个词条被发明的几年前——一群实质上是回到汽车房的人，而现在不过是大公司的汽车房罢了”），形容词intraprenurial 以及另一个名词 intrapreneurialim （以企业运作主义出名的地方，在那儿公司内部的职员获得更为冒险的商业前景”，伊恩·汉密尔顿一费茨的“不稳定的共存”，金融时报 1984年10月23日出版）。 一个词的广泛运用以及无数派生词的产生是预示语言内部持久力的强烈的信号。词源学家以及词典编纂者对intrpreneur 以及它的派生词产生了独特的兴趣， 因为它们说明现用语言所固有的持续不断的变化〔ransom〕The price or payment demanded or paid for such release.赎金：用来获得这种释放的钱财或价格〔Stigler〕American economist. He won a 1982 Nobel Prize for theories on the function of industry and governmental economic regulations.斯蒂格勒尔，乔治·约瑟夫：(生于 1911) 美国经济学家。他因为工业和政府经济调控理论而获得1982年诺贝尔奖〔Stark〕German physicist. He won a 1919 Nobel Prize for his discovery of the Stark effect, the splitting of spectral lines when light passes through an electric field.斯塔克，约翰尼斯：(1874-1957) 德国物理学家，他因发现了斯塔克效应，即光通过电场时光谱线分解，而获得1919年诺贝尔奖〔stripe〕A strip of cloth or braid worn on a uniform to indicate rank, awards received, or length of service; a chevron.军士军阶：制服上的衣服条纹或徽章条纹表示军衔，获得的奖章，或服役的时间长短；V型臂章〔colporteur〕alteration influenced by col [neck, from the idea that peddlers carry their wares on trays suspended from straps around their necks] 受 col的影响 [颈，由悬挂在小贩脖颈上盛放物件的浅箱获得的想法] 〔unstudied〕Not gained by study or instruction:天赋的：不是通过学习或教导而获得的：〔cumulative〕Acquired by or resulting from accumulation.累积的：由累积而获得的〔Nansen〕Norwegian explorer, zoologist, and politician who led an Arctic expedition (1893-1896) and directed the League of Nations relief programs for refugees of World War I. He won the 1922 Nobel Peace Prize.南森，弗里德托夫：(1861-1930) 挪威探险家、动物学者和政治家，曾领导过北极探险(1893-1896年），并组织了民族联盟救济一战难民的工作，他获得了1922年的诺贝尔和平奖〔incur〕To acquire or come into (something usually undesirable); sustain:获得，得到：获得或得到（通常为不受欢迎的事）；承受：〔Lange〕Norwegian pacifist and historian. He shared the 1921 Nobel Peace Prize for his work as secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (1909-1933).兰格，克里斯蒂安·路易斯：(1869-1938) 挪威和平主义者和历史学者，由于他在1909-1933年间担任国际议会联合组织秘书长时的杰出工作而获得1921年的诺贝尔和平奖〔ferroelectric〕Of or relating to a crystalline dielectric that can be given a permanent electric polarization by application of an electric field.铁电体的：一种可通过电场的作用获得永久电磁性的透明的绝缘体的或与此有关的〔Passy〕French economist and pacifist who founded the International League for Permanent Peace (1867). In 1901 he shared the first Nobel Peace Prize.帕西，弗雷德里克：(1822-1912) 法国经济学家和和平主义者，建立了国际永久性和平协会(1867年）。1901年他与人共获得第一届诺贝尔和平奖〔cold〕took the exam cold and passed; walked in cold and got the new job.贸然参加考试并且通过了；贸然走进并获得了这份新工作〔buckshee〕Something extra or left over that is obtained free.额外获得的免费物品：免费获得的额外的或剩余的物品〔earn〕To gain a position through hard work and the accumulation of experience, often in the face of difficulties:努力挣得，出名：经常是在面临困难的情况下，某人通过努力工作和经验的积累而获得的一定职位：〔phenanthrene〕A colorless crystalline hydrocarbon, C14H 10, obtained by fractional distillation of coal-tar oils and used in dyes, drugs, and explosives. 菲：一种无色的晶体碳氢化合物，C14H 10，通过蒸馏煤焦油而少量地获得，用于染料、药品和炸药 〔Trevino〕American golfer who won the U.S. Open (1968 and 1971), the British Open (1971 and 1972), and the Professional Golfers' Association title (1974 and 1984).特里维诺，李：(生于 1939) 美国高尔夫球选手，曾获得美国公开赛(1968年和1971年）、英国公开赛(1971年和1972年）和职业高尔夫协会冠军(1974年和1984年）〔ingratiate〕She quickly sought to ingratiate herself with the new administration.她很快就试图使她自己获得新政府的欢心〔Dawes〕Vice President of the United States (1925-1929) under Calvin Coolidge. He shared the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize for proposing the Dawes Plan to reduce Germany's World War I reparations.道威斯，查尔斯·盖茨：(1865-1951) 卡尔文·库利奇时的美国副总统(1925-1929年）。因提议减少德国一战赔款问题的道威斯计划而获得了1925年诺贝尔和平奖〔Hoppe〕American billiards player who won 51 world titles between 1906 and 1952.霍珀，威廉·腓特烈：(1887-1959) 美国台球运动员从1906年至1952年期间获得51个世界冠军〔grafter〕One who gains profit or advantage by unscrupulous use of position:贪污者，受贿者，渎职的公务员：通过无耻地利用职位获得利益或好处的人：〔Zsigmondy〕German chemist. He won a 1925 Nobel Prize for work on colloid solutions.席格蒙迪，理查德·阿道夫：(1865-1929) 德国化学家，因研究胶体溶液而获得了1925年的诺贝尔奖〔Fo〕Italian playwright noted for his socially topical, satirical works, includingAccidental Death of an Anarchist (1970) and Trumpets and Raspberries (1981). He won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1997. 达利欧，弗：意大利剧作家，因其以社会为话题的讽刺性著作而出名，包括《无政府主义者的意外死亡》 (1970年) 和 《小号与红莓》 (1981年)。1997年获得诺贝尔文学奖 〔Gable〕American actor who received an Academy Award for his performance inIt Happened One Night (1934). 盖博，（威廉）克拉克：(1901-1960) 美国演员，因其在《一夜风流》 （1934年）中的表演而获得奥斯卡奖 〔effort〕He succeeded in his studies by dint of steadfast application.由于坚持不懈的努力他获得了学业上的成功。〔lucre〕When William Tyndale translatedaiskhron kerdos, "shameful gain" (Titus 1:11), as filthy lucre in his edition of the Bible, he was tarring the wordlucre for the rest of its existence. But we cannot lay the pejorative sense oflucre completely at Tyndale's door. He was merely a link,albeit a strong one,in a process that had begun long before with respect to the ancestor of our word,the Latin wordlucrum, "material gain, profit.” This process was probably controlled by the inevitable conjunction of profit, especially monetary profit, with evils such as greed.In Latinlucrum also meant "avarice,” and in Middle Englishlucre, besides meaning "monetary gain, profit,” meant "illicit gain.”Furthermore, many of the contexts in which the neutral sense of the word appeared were not that neutral,as in "It is a wofull thyng . . . ffor lucre of goode . . . A man to fals his othe [it is a sad thing for a man to betray his oath for monetary gain].”Tyndale thus merely helped the process along when he gave us the phrasefilthy lucre. 当威廉·廷代尔在他的《圣经》版本里把aiskhon kerdos （“可耻的收获”）翻译成 filthy lucre 时， 他就把lucre 这个词当作贬义了， 这个词以后也就这样解释了。但是我们不能把lucre 这个词的贬义全部归于廷代尔名下。 他只是整个过程的一个环节，尽管是个有力的环节，这个过程早在我们这个词的祖先，拉丁字lucrum （意为“物质获得，利润”）就开始了。 这个过程很可能与带有类似贪婪这样的罪恶利润，尤其是钱财利润不可避免地联系在一起。在拉丁文里，lucrum 也有“贪婪”的意思。 在中世纪英语中，lucre 除了有“钱财收入，利润”的意思之外， 还意味着“不正当的所得”。更进一步说，即使这个词意思是中性的，但上下文却不是那么的中性，比如“一个人为了钱财背弃自己的誓言。”廷代尔在给我们短语filthy lucre 时，仅仅有助于把这个过程延续下来 〔pay〕To earn a given right or position through hard work, long-term experience, or suffering:获得自己应得的：通过艰苦工作、长期的经验或痛苦而获得应得的权利或地位： |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。