| 单词 | 论述 |
| 释义 | 〔Repplier〕American essayist. A frequent contributor toAtlantic Monthly, she also published several volumes of essays, including Points of View (1891). 雷普利尔，阿格尼斯：(1855-1950) 美国论述作家。她不仅经常为《大西洋月刊》 撰稿，还出版了几本论述文集，包括 《观点》 （1891年） 〔proposition〕Something that is expressed in a statement, as opposed to the way it is expressed.（命题中）相反的论述：在陈述中被表达出来的某事，如与被表达的方式相对的某事〔craft〕Craft has been used as a verb since the Old English period and was used in Middle English to refer specifically to the artful construction of a text or discourse.In recent years,crafted, the past participle of craft, has enjoyed a vogue as a participle referring to well-wrought writing. This may be a sign that the Jamesian conception of the literary muse has begun to yield to a Trollopian conception of literature as a kind of intellectual handicraft;or it may indicate little more than the desperation with which book reviewers seize on any novel adjective.In any event, the usage is more acceptable when applied to literary works than to other sorts of writing,and more acceptable as a participle than as a verb.It was acceptable to 73 percent of the Usage Panel in the phrasebeautifully crafted prose. By contrast, only 35 percent of the Panel accepted the sentenceThe planners crafted their proposal so as to anticipate the objections of local businesses. Craft 这一词语在古英语时期就被用作动词， 在中古英语中它被用来指某一课文或论述的精巧句法结构。近几年来，crafted 即 craft 这一词的过去分词被广泛用于描述写作佳品。 这可能是詹姆士文学灵感观念开始让位于作为一种智力创作技巧的特罗洛普文学观念的一个信号；或者它也有可能暗示了书评作者们对采用小说修饰语的进一步失望。不管怎样，把它用于指文学作品比用于指其它类型的写作更易被人接受，而用作分词比用作动词更易被人接受。用法专题使用小组中73%的成员认同它在精美构思的散文 这一短语中的用法。 与此相反，只有35%的成员认同它在策划者们制订计划以预防地方商业的阻挠 这一句子中的用法 〔phase〕an account of the causes of World War II from the angle of the Allies.一个从同盟国角度出发的对第二次世界大战原因的论述。〔Quine〕American analytic philosopher and logician whose major writings, includingWord and Object (1960), concern issues of language and meaning. 奎因，乌伊拉德．凡欧门：美国分析哲学家与逻辑学家，其主要著作包括《词语与对象》 （1960），论述语言与意义问题 〔Madison〕The fourth President of the United States (1809-1817). A member of the Continental Congress (1780-1783) and the Constitutional Convention (1787), he strongly supported ratification of the Constitution and was a contributor toThe Federalist Papers (1787-1788), which argued the effectiveness of the proposed constitution. His presidency was marked by the War of 1812. 麦迪逊，詹姆斯：(1751-1836) 美国第四任总统(1809-1817年）。大陆会议(1780-1783年）和制宪会议(1787年）的成员之一，他坚决支持批准宪法，是《联邦文选》 （1787-1788年）的主要撰稿人之一，在其中他论述了实施宪法的必要性。他的总统任职以1812年战争为标志 〔treat〕The essay treats of courtly love.这篇文章对深挚的爱情作了论述〔complete〕His book is the most complete treatment of the subject. See Usage Note at perfect 他的书里对这个问题作了最详尽的论述 参见 perfect〔discuss〕To examine or consider (a subject) in speech or writing.论述，详述：以口头或书面形式来检查或考虑（主题）〔Blackstone〕British jurist and educator who wroteCommentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769), the most comprehensive single treatment of the body of English law. 布莱克斯通，威廉：(1723-1780) 英国法官和教育家，著有《英国法律评论》 （1765-1769年），是对英国总体法律最为全面的独家论述 〔study〕A literary work on a particular subject.专题文章：论述某一专题的文学著作〔extract〕To remove for separate consideration or publication; excerpt.摘录，引用：为单独论述或出版而摘抄；摘录〔treat〕To deal with in writing or speech; discuss:探讨：书面或口头上的论述；讨论：〔geostrategy〕The branch of geopolitics that deals with strategy.地缘战略学：地缘政治学的论述战略问题的一个分支〔Mendelssohn〕German philosopher noted for his writings on the inborn ability of human beings to recognize beauty, truth, and goodness. His influence and works aided the assimilation of Jews into German society.门德尔松，摩西：(1729-1786) 德国哲学家，以其论述有关人类认识真善美的天生能力的著作而著名。他的影响和作品有助于犹太人与德国社会的同化〔blemish〕"A true critic ought to dwell rather upon excellencies than imperfections" (Joseph Addison). “一个真正的评论家应论述优点多于不足之处” （约瑟夫·爱迪森）。 〔rigmarole〕Confused, rambling, or incoherent discourse; nonsense.胡言乱语，冗长的废话：混乱的、不连贯的或语无伦次的论述；胡言乱语〔syntax〕Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.句型：一特定句或论述中的该种句式〔postulate〕Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument:假定，假设：未加证明而假定某事成立或为公认的事物，尤指用来作为论述基础者：〔tire〕"Like all people who try to exhaust a subject, he exhausted his listeners" (Oscar Wilde). “象任何想详尽无遗地论述一个题目的人一样，他把他的听众弄得疲惫不堪” （奥斯卡·王尔德）。〔spiel〕"I made my spiel about how I could add to this company"(Carl Icahn)“我对自己将如何为这个公司作贡献作了冗长的论述”(卡尔·伊卡恩)〔commentary〕Often commentaries An expository treatise or series of annotations; an exegesis. 常作 commentaries 注释，训诂：说明性的论述或一系列注解；注解〔dark〕"Nixon confined himself to opaque philosophical statements that indicated he was not ready for a discussion of basic assumptions" (Henry A. Kissinger).“尼克松把自己沉浸在晦涩的哲学论述中，这意味着他不准备讨论基础假说” （亨利·A·基辛格）。〔postulate〕To assume or assert the truth, reality, or necessity of, especially as a basis of an argument.主张…为事实，断言…为必要：假定或断言…为真实、存在或必要，尤指作为论述基础而作的假定〔Bacon〕English friar, scientist, and philosopher whoseOpus Majus (1267) argued that Christian studies should encompass the sciences. 培根，罗杰：(1214?-1292) 英国男修道士，科学家和哲学家，他在《大著作》 （1267年）中论述了基督教研究应当包含科学 〔subject〕"This distinction seems to me to go to the root of the matter" (William James).Atopic is a subject of discussion, argument, or conversation: “在我看来，这就是根本的区别” （威廉·詹姆斯）。Topic 就是讨论、论述或谈话的主题： 〔monograph〕A scholarly piece of writing of essay or book length on a specific, often limited subject.专著：通篇论述某一具体的，通常是限定的专题学术文章或书〔treat〕To deal with or represent artistically in a specified manner or style:表现：以一种特定方式或风格论述或表现：〔descant〕To comment at length; discourse:详论：详细评论；论述：〔whore〕Derivatives of Indo-European roots often make strange bedfellows. A prime example is the case of.kā-, "to like, desire.” From the stem.kāro- derived from this root came the prehistoric Common Germanic word .hōraz with the underlying meaning "one who desires" and the effective meaning "adulterer.” From this word came the Old English wordhōre, the ancestor of Modern Englishwhore. The same stem produced the Latin wordcārus, "dear,” from which came Modern Englishcaress, cherish, and charity, the highest form of love. Contact with East Indian culture has added yet another pair of derivatives from this Indo-European root to the English language.From the stem.kāmo- came the Sanskrit word kāmaḥ, "love, desire,” from which are derived the English borrowingsKama, "the Hindu god of love,” andKamasutra, "a Sanskrit treatise on the rules of love and marriage according to Hindu law.” 从印欧语词根派生出的词常产生奇怪的词伴。一个很好的例子就是ko- “喜欢，渴望”。 从这个词根派生出karo 这个词干，然后又产生出史前共同日尔曼语的 horaz 一词，暗指“渴望…的人”，也含有显著的意义“通奸者”。 从这个词又产生古英语中的hore， 这是现代英语whore 的前身。 这一词干产生了拉丁词carus “亲爱的”， 又由它而引出现代英语中的caress,cherish 和 charity 这是爱的最高形式。 与东印度文化的接触又给英语语言加上了另外两个从这个印欧词根派生出的词。从词干kamo- 产生出梵语词 kamah “爱，欲望”， 从这个词又产生出英语的外来词Kama “印度人的爱神”， 和Kamasutra “根据印度法律所制定的关于爱情和婚姻的规定的梵语论述” 〔deal〕To be occupied or concerned; treat:有关联；论述：〔detailed〕Characterized by abundant use of detail or thoroughness of treatment:详细的：使用丰富的细节和完整的论述的：〔Bergson〕French philosopher and writer whose widely influential works, includingCreative Evolution (1907) and The Creative Mind (1934), largely concern the importance of intuition as a means of attaining knowledge and the élan vital present in all living things. He won the 1927 Nobel Prize for literature. 伯格森，亨利·路易斯：(1859-1941) 法国哲学家、作家、其具有广泛影响的著作，如《创造进化论》 （1907年）和 《创造思维》 （1934年），主要论述直觉作为一种获得知识的方法的重要性及在所有生物中存在的生命冲动。他获1927年诺贝尔文学奖 〔discourse〕Verbal expression in speech or writing.演说，论述：口头表达或书面文字表达〔treat〕To deal with a subject or topic in writing or speech. Often used withof : 论述：书面或口头上讨论的一个主题或论题。常与of 连用： 〔Bailey〕British lexicographer whoseUniversal Etymological English Dictionary, first published in 1721, was used as a reference by Samuel Johnson and was the first English dictionary to treat etymology consistently. 贝利，内森：(卒于 1742) 英国词典编辑者，他的《世界词源英语词典》 首次出版于1721年，被塞缪尔·约翰逊用作参考书，它是第一本能连贯地论述词源学的英语词典 〔outline〕A statement summarizing the important points of a text.概述：概括主题主要观点的论述〔discussion〕A formal discourse on a topic; an exposition.论述，详述：对一个主题正式的详谈；阐述〔psychology〕Subtle tactical action or argument used to manipulate or influence another:心计：用于操纵或影响别人的巧妙的手段高明的行动或论述：〔spiel〕A lengthy, usually extravagant speech or argument intended to persuade:夸夸其谈：意在劝说的冗长而又夸张的演讲或论述： |
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