| 单词 | 鬼魂 |
| 释义 | 〔haunt〕To recur or visit often, especially as a ghost.尤指鬼魂重回或常去〔exorcise〕An oath is to be found at the etymological heart ofexorcise, a term going back to the Greek wordexorkizein, meaning "to swear in,” "to take an oath by,” "to conjure,” and "to exorcise.” Exorkizein in turn is formed from the prefixex-, "thoroughly,” and the verb horkizein, "to make one swear, administer an oath to,” derived from horkos, "oath.” Our wordexorcise is first recorded in English in a work composed possibly before the beginning of the 15th century, and in this useexorcise means "to call up or conjure spirits" rather than "to drive out spirits,” a sense first recorded in 1546.誓言在语源学中是exorcise 的基本意思， 而这个词又可以追溯到希腊语exorkizein， 后者意味着“宣誓”、“发誓”、“恳求”和“驱赶”。 Exorkizein 依次由含有“完全地”这个意思的前缀ex- 和含有“使发誓，在誓言约束下”这个意思的动词 horkizein 构成，后者源自 horkos “誓言”。 我们现在用的exorcise 最早在英文中的记录出自一本可能早于15世纪初写的一本著作中。 在当时，exorcise 通常意味着“召回灵魂”， 而不是1546年才最早记录到的“驱赶鬼魂”这个含义〔wraith〕The ghost of a dead person.幽灵：死人的鬼魂〔control〕A spirit presumed to speak or act through a medium.附体鬼魂：被认为会通过一个中间人（或物）来说话或行事的鬼魂〔Strindberg〕Swedish writer of novels and plays, includingMiss Julie (1888) and The Dance of Death (1901), which are noted for their psychological realism. 斯特林堡，（约翰）奥古斯特：(1849-1912) 瑞典的小说及剧作家，作品包括《朱丽小姐》 (1888年）和 《鬼魂奏鸣曲》 (1901年），以作品的心理现实主义而著称 〔ghost〕The spirit of a dead person, especially one believed to appear in bodily likeness to living persons or to haunt former habitats.鬼，鬼魂：死人的精神或灵魂，尤指被认为能以身体再现于活人身上或经常在以前的住处出现的〔haunt〕To inhabit, visit, or appear to in the form of a ghost or other supernatural being.以鬼魂形式出现：以鬼魂或其它超自然物体的形式居住、拜访或出现〔materialize〕In its original sensesmaterialize is used intransitively to mean "to assume material form,” as inMarley's ghost materialized before Scrooge's eyes, or transitively to mean "to cause to assume material form,” as inDisney materialized his dream in a plot of orchard land in Orange County. But these uses are probably less common nowadays than two extended senses of the intransitive sense of the verb.In the first the meaning is roughly "to appear suddenly,”as inNo sooner had we set the menu down than a waiter materialized at our table. Some critics have labeled this use incorrect,but the criticism may suggest an overliteralism;used in this way,the verb has the sense "to appear as if by magic.”Materialize also means "to take effective shape, come into existence,” particularly as applied to things or events that have been foreseen or anticipated: materialize 的最初含义是作为不及物动词时意思是“具有物质形式，” 例如在玛雷的鬼魂在斯克鲁奇眼前显现了 一句中或作及物动词时意思是“使具有物质形式，” 例如在迪斯尼在奥兰治郡的一块果园实现了他的梦想 中。 但是现在这两种用法也许不如该词作为不及物动词的两种延伸的用法更为常见。第一种用法的大致意思是指“突然出现，”例如在我们刚放下菜单不久，侍者就突然出现在我们的饭桌旁 中。 一些批评家认为这种用法不准确，但是这种批评未免太拘泥于字面意思；同样这种用法下，该词还有“仿佛由于魔力而出现”的意思。Materialize 还有“显形，显效，出现”的含义， 尤其适用在已经预料到或被期望的事物。 〔real〕real people, not ghosts; a real problem; a film based on real life.真实的人，不是鬼魂；一个真实的问题；一部以真实生活为基础的影片〔wraith〕An apparition of a living person that appears as a portent just before that person's death.灵魂出窍，亡魂显现：活着的人在其临死前出现的作为预兆的鬼魂〔transform〕"A thick, fibrous fog had transformed the trees into ghosts and the streetlights into soft, haloed moons"(David Michael Kaplan)“浓密厚重的雾使树木看起来象鬼魂，街灯看起来象是带着柔和光晕的月亮”(戴维·迈克尔·卡普兰)〔visitant〕A supernatural being; a ghost or specter.下凡的神仙：超自然力的灵魂；鬼魂或幽灵〔ectoplasm〕An immaterial or ethereal substance, especially the transparent corporeal presence of a spirit or ghost.幽灵物质：非物质或轻飘的物质，尤指鬼魂或精灵的透明身躯〔presence〕A supernatural influence felt to be nearby.鬼魂，神灵：感到就在附近的超自然力量 |
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