| 单词 | 值得 |
| 释义 | 〔soldier〕Why do soldiers fight?One answer is hidden away in the wordsoldier itself. Its first recorded occurrence is found in a work composed around 1300,the word having come into Middle English (assoudier ) from Old French soudoior and Anglo-Norman soudeour. The Old French word,first recorded in the 12th century,is derived fromsol or soud, Old French forms of Modern French sou. There is no longer a French coin namedsou, but the meaning of the wordsou alerts us to the fact that money is involved. Indeed, Old Frenchsol referred to a coin and also meant "pay,”and asoudoior was a man who fought for pay. This was a concept worth expressing in an era when many men were not paid for fighting but did it in service to a feudal superior.Thussoldier is parallel to the word mercenary, which goes back to Latinmercēnnārius, derived frommerces, "pay,” and meaning "working for pay.”The word could also be used as a noun,one of whose senses was "a soldier of fortune.”士兵们为什么而打仗?其中一个答案就隐藏在soldier 这个单词里面。 在大约1300年的一本著作中发现了这个词的最早记载。这个词由古法语的soudoior 和盎格鲁诺曼底语中的 soudeour 进入中古英语（形式为 soudier )。 古法语中的这个单词，最早记录于12世纪，是由sol 或 soud ，现代法语单词 sou 的古法语形式衍变而来的。 已经没有叫做sou 的法国硬币了， 但是单词sou 的意思使我们意识到这和钱有关。 实际上，古法语中的sol 指的是一枚硬币， 也意味着“报酬”，而soudoior 是一个为了报酬而打仗的人。 在许多人打仗并没有得到报酬而是给封建王服役的时代里，这种概念是值得表达出来的。这样，士兵(soldier) 类似于 雇佣兵(mercenary) ， 可以追溯到拉丁文mercennarius ， 由merces “报酬”衍变而来， 意思是“为报酬而工作”。这个词也能当名词使用，其中的一个意思是“雇佣兵”〔contain〕The album contains many memorable songs.这张唱片中包括许多值得收集的歌曲〔holy〕Regarded or deserving special respect or reverence:可敬仰的，敬重的：被视为或值得特别尊重的或敬重的：〔newsbreak〕The act or an instance of interrupting previously scheduled radio or television programming in order to report a newsworthy event or story. Also called news flash 值得报导的消息：为报导有新闻价值的大事而中断先前计划好的节目的行为或事例 也作 news flash〔command〕To deserve and receive as due; exact:应得，值得：适当地应受和接收；强求：〔laughable〕Causing or deserving laughter or derision.可笑的：引起或值得发笑或嘲笑的〔observable〕an observable anniversary.一次值得注重的周年纪念日〔rate〕people that rate special treatment.See Synonyms at earn 1值得受到特殊优待的人 参见 earn1〔flatter〕"What really flatters a man is that you think him worth flattering"(George Bernard Shaw)“真正令一个人愉快的是你认为他值得奉承”(乔治·萧伯纳)〔value〕A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable:价值标准：被认为是值得的或需要的一种原则、标准或性质：〔desert〕Often deserts Something that is deserved or merited, especially a punishment: 常作 deserts 值得，应得：应得的东西（尤指惩罚）：〔familiar〕the prime minister's confidential secretary.值得总理信赖的秘书。〔meritorious〕Deserving reward or praise; having merit.值得嘉奖的：值得奖励或称赞的；具有价值的〔creditable〕Deserving of commercial credit; creditworthy:值得给予商业信贷的；信誉卓著的：〔go〕"a collection of memorable pieces about the general craziness that was going down in those days"(James Atlas)“许多发生在那时的狂热而值得怀念的琐忆”(詹姆斯·阿特拉斯)〔lamentable〕Inspiring or deserving of lament or regret; deplorable or pitiable.See Synonyms at pathetic 不幸的：引发或值得哀痛或后悔的；悲惨的或可悲的 参见 pathetic〔countervail〕valoir [to be worth] from Latin valēre [to be strong] * see wal- valoir [值得] 源自 拉丁语 valēre [强壮] * 参见 wal- 〔sacred〕Worthy of religious veneration:受崇敬的：值得宗教崇敬的：〔foist〕To pass off as genuine, valuable, or worthy:蒙混：作为真品、有价值或值得珍藏的东西蒙混：〔worthy〕worthy to be revered; worthy of acclaim.值得受人尊敬的；值得称赞的〔chronaxie〕Greek axia [value] from axios [worthy] * see ag- 希腊语 axia [价值] 源自 axios [值得的] * 参见 ag- 〔reliable〕The central meaning shared by these adjectives is "worthy of reliance or trust": 这些形容词共有的中心意思是“值得依赖或信任的” 〔worthwhile〕Sufficiently valuable or important to be worth one's time, effort, or interest.值得的：非常有用的或重要的而值得耗费时间、投入力量或引发兴趣的〔unique〕Over the course of the centuryunique has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, somewhat, or quite. Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique or more unique than something else, though phrases such asnearly unique and almost unique are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage Panel. · Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect, and unanimous. According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique is properly used to mean "without equal or equivalent,” something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique and more unique can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like "unusual" or "distinctive.” It is true that comparison and modification ofunique are often associated with the style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's patented. But modification ofunique is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits, and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco. The relative acceptability of these usages reflects the semantic subtlety ofunique itself. If we were to useunique only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in pigments whose names begin with the lettero; and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. ·What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique is not that the word has become a synonym for unusual. Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically unique, they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the abuse ofunique can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors, we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 在本世纪整个过程中unique 已成为不能由程度副词，例 very、somewhat 或 quite， 比较或修饰的一类术语的例证。 因此，多数语法学家认为说某事是very unique 或 more unique than 是不正确的， 虽然短语例如nearly unique 和 almost unique 是可接受的。 在最近的调查中，句子Her designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene （她的设计在现今流行样式的场面中是很独特的） 对用法专题使用小组的百分之八十成员是不可接受的。 对纯粹术语的比较和程度修饰的主要异议可追述到18世纪，并已广泛用到许多形容词中，包括equal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect 和 unanimous。 根据标准论据，这些单词表示一事有或没有但不能有可修饰的程度的性质。于是如果unique 适当地用于表示“没有相等或相当的”，则某事是唯一的或不是唯一的， 而短语像very unique 和 more unique 仅能表露出说明某事像“不寻常的”或“独特的”的意义的减弱。 的确，unique 的比较和修饰常与撰稿人喜欢的文体相联系， 如在广告中称Omaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique（奥马哈城的最独特的餐馆现在甚至是更加独特） 或声称新汽车是 So unique, it's patented（如此独特，它取得了专利权）。 但是unique 的修饰也在著名作家的作品中发现， 那里可能缺乏夸张法的任何涵义。描述一张油画为the most unique of Beckman's self-portraits（最独特的贝克曼的自画像）， 一位旅游作家叙述Chicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco（芝加哥比纽约或旧金山是不逊独特的美国城市）。 这些用法的相对可接受性反映unique 自身语义的巧妙。 如果我们仅按照逻辑的严格标准使用unique ， 则我们终于会自由地把此术语使用于世界上的任何事，因为没有完全等同于另一事的事。于是，显然当我们说餐馆或油画是独特的时，我们意味着根据某种隐含的但可普遍接受的判据它是值得包含在一个等级内的。于是合理独特的油画可能是实现空前未有的审美型的，而不是仅给予名字以字母O开始的颜料； 合理独特的餐馆可能根据原来的食谱提供18世纪法国菜肴的餐馆，而不是配备转换的沙丁鱼罐头食品的餐馆。按这样了解，将独特性视为程度问题不是本来就不可能的，在这个意义上一张油画或一个餐馆或多或少可能是极好的有价值的内涵物而不是其他。关于撰稿人使用unique 的困惑不是此单词已成为 unusual 的同义词。 相反地，正是撰稿人使用此单词与严密的逻辑相一致。对餐馆声称独特性是由于它的布置或菜单的某些不重要的性质，或者对于人们常去的旅馆仅因为有海湾的独一无二地别致的景象。虽然这样的性质使得这些事logically 独特的可能是真实的， 但是当事情进行了分类，根据平常实行的判据把这些事情自身放到一类，他们不组成正常的基础。事实上unique 的滥用会使人发腻，即使在没有涉及修饰或比较的时候； 当我们读运动服装的unique selection of colors（颜色的独特选择） 的一行广告时， 我们会怀疑颜色选择的独特性质并非广告商希望我们所认为的那么明显。但不必惊讶于unique 的这些用法应当适用于杂乱的修饰和比较； 就这一次可以承认，独特性能用来指任何产品或服务，它们与所有的竞争者相比较有某种程度的特色，在每一小的创新中可以看到独特性的增加是必然会发生的 参见 equal,infinite,parallel,perfect〔meaty〕a meaty theme for study and debate.一个值得研究和讨论的发人深思的主题〔deserve〕To be worthy of; merit.See Synonyms at earn 1值得；应得 参见 earn1〔ideal〕These nouns refer to someone or something worthy of imitation or duplication.Anideal is a sometimes unattainable standard of perfection: 这些名词都是指值得模仿和效仿的人或事物。ideal 所指的完美状态有时是无法达到的： 〔honorable〕Deserving or winning honor and respect:值得尊敬的，尊敬的：值得或赢得荣誉和尊敬的：〔dignify〕Latin dignus [worthy] * see dek- 拉丁语 dignus [值得] * 参见 dek- 〔worthy〕Having sufficient worth; deserving:值得的：有充分价值的；该得到的：〔holy〕The pursuit of peace is our holiest quest.对和平的追求是最值得敬仰的〔mirror〕Something worthy of imitation.榜样：值得模仿的东西〔economic〕Financially rewarding; economical:值得的：财政上有益的；经济节约的：〔call〕This news calls for champagne.这个消息值得开香槟酒庆祝〔doubtful〕Questionable can mean merely open to question ( Questionable 意思是“值得疑问的”：（ 〔pattern〕A person or thing considered worthy of imitation.模范，榜样：被认为值得模仿的人或事物〔axiology〕Greek axios [worth] * see ag- 希腊语 axios [值得] * 参见 ag- 〔prizewinning〕Having won or worthy of winning a prize:获奖的或值得获奖的：〔politics〕studied law with a view to going into politics; felt that politics was a worthwhile career.为了有朝一日步入政坛而学习法律；感觉到政治是一项值得从事的事业〔laureate〕Worthy of the greatest honor or distinction:卓越的：值得最高尊重或荣誉的： |
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