| 单词 | 冶金 |
| 释义 | 〔getter〕A material added in small amounts during a chemical or metallurgical process to absorb impurities.吸气剂：以少量加入化学或冶金过程中用来吸收杂质的物质〔yttrium〕A silvery metallic element, not a rare earth but occurring in nearly all rare-earth minerals, used in various metallurgical applications, notably to increase the strength of magnesium and aluminum alloys. Atomic number 39; atomic weight 88.905; melting point 1,522°C; boiling point 3,338°C; specific gravity 4.45 (25°C); valence 3. See table at element 钇：一种银色金属元素，不是稀土但几乎存在于所有的稀土物质中，用于各种冶金的运用中，可显著提高镁铝合金的强度。原子序数39；原子量88.905；熔点1,522°C；沸点3,338°C；比重4.45（在25°C时）；化合价3 参见 element〔Lipetsk〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. south-southeast of Moscow. Originally founded in the 13th century, it was rebuilt in 1707 as a metallurgical center by orders of Peter the Great. Population, 447,000.利佩茨克：苏联欧洲部分中部一城市，位于莫斯科的东南偏南，始建于13世纪，1707年彼得大帝下令重修为冶金中心。人口447,000〔Zlatoust〕A city of eastern European U.S.S.R. in the southern Ural Mountains west of Chelyabinsk. It is a rail junction and metallurgical center. Population, 204,000.兹拉托乌斯特：苏联东欧部分一城市，位于乌拉尔山南部、平里雅宾斯克以西，它是一个铁路枢纽和冶金中心。人口204,000〔Makeyevka〕A city of southern European U.S.S.R. northeast of Donetsk. It is a major metallurgical and coal-mining center. Population, 451,000.马凯耶夫卡：原苏联欧洲部分南部的一座城市，位于顿涅茨克东北面。是一个重要的冶金和煤炭中心。人口451,000〔cupellation〕A refining process for nonoxidizing metals, such as silver and gold, in which a metallic mixture is oxidized at high temperatures and base metals are separated by absorption into the walls of a cupel.烤钵冶金法：一种使银和金等金属不氧化的提纯过程，在高温下金属混合物被氧化，低劣金属被分离出来并吸入烤钵的墙上〔calcium〕A silvery, moderately hard metallic element that constitutes approximately 3 percent of the earth's crust and is a basic component of most animals and plants. It occurs naturally in limestone, gypsum, and fluorite, and its compounds are used to make plaster, quicklime, Portland cement, and metallurgic and electronic materials. Atomic number 20; atomic weight 40.08; melting point 842 to 848°C; boiling point 1,487°C; specific gravity 1.55; valence 2. See table at element 钙：一种银色的、硬度适中的金属元素，约占地壳中各种元素的百分之三，是多数动物和植物的基本组成物之一。自然存在于石灰石、石膏、氟石以及其它化合物之中，用于制造石膏、生石灰、硅酸盐水泥以及冶金和电子材料。原子序数20；原子量40.08；熔点842到848度；沸点1,487度；比重1.55；化学价2 参见 element〔Makiyivka〕A city of eastern Ukraine northeast of Donets'k. It is a major metallurgical and coal-mining center. Population, 384,000马克耶夫卡：乌克兰东部城市，位于顿涅茨克东北。是主要的冶金和煤矿中心。人口384,000〔ganister〕A mixture of fire clay and ground quartz, used to line metallurgical furnaces.硅石：一种耐火土和石英的混合物，用于作冶金炉的内壁〔Benxi〕A city of northeast China south-southeast of Shenyang. It was founded as a metallurgical center in 1915. Population, 678,500.本溪：中国东北部一城市，位于沈阳东南偏南。作为冶金中心建立于1915年。人口678,500〔Manresa〕A city of northeast Spain north-northwest of Barcelona. Metallurgical and textile industries are important to its economy. Population, 66,951.孟拉萨：西班牙东北部一城市，位于巴塞罗那的西北偏北方向 ，冶金和纺织工业是其经济支柱。人口66,951〔Aktyubinsk〕A city of southeast European U.S.S.R. northwest of Astrakhan. Founded in 1869, it is a metallurgical center. Population, 231,000.阿克约宾斯克：苏联欧洲部分之东南部的一个城市，位于阿斯特拉罕的西北部。该城建立于1869年，是冶金中心。人口231,000〔cerium〕A lustrous, iron-gray, malleable metallic rare-earth element that occurs chiefly in the minerals monazite and bastnaesite, exists in four allotropic states, is a constituent of lighter flint alloys, and is used in various metallurgical and nuclear applications. Atomic number 58; atomic weight 140.12; melting point 795°C; boiling point 3,468°C; specific gravity 6.67 to 8.23; valence 3, 4. See table at element 铈：一种有光泽、铁灰色、可延展的金属稀土元素，主要存在于独居石和氟碳铈矿中，以四种同素异形体存在，是轻燧石合金的成分，在冶金和核能工业上有多种应用。原子序数58；原子量140.12；熔点795°C；沸点3,468°C；比重6.67至8.23；化合价3,4 参见 element〔erbium〕A soft, malleable, silvery rare-earth element, used in metallurgy and nuclear research and to color glass and porcelain. Atomic number 68; atomic weight 167.26; melting point 1,497°C; boiling point 2,900°C; specific gravity 9.051; valence 3. See table at element 铒：一种柔软的、有延展性的，银色光泽的稀土元素，用于冶金、核研究及给玻璃和陶瓷上色，原子序数68；原子量167.26；溶点1,497°C；沸点2,900°C；比重9.051；化合价3 参见 element〔Salzgitter〕A city of central Germany southeast of Hanover. First mentioned c. 1000, it is an important metallurgical center in a rich iron ore region. Population, 107,023.扎耳茨吉特：德国中部一城市，位于汉诺威东南。最早被记载于11世纪，是一个重要的冶金工业中心，本地富藏铁矿。人口107,023〔Vladikavkaz〕A city of southwest Russia at the foot of the Caucasus Mountains north-northwest of Tbilisi, Georgia. Founded in 1784 as a fortress, it is a metallurgical and industrial center. From 1932-1943 and from 1955-1990 it was known as Ordzhonikidze. Population, 314,600华迪卡夫克斯：俄罗斯西南部城市，位于格鲁吉亚第比利斯西北偏北的高加索山脉山脚处。1784年作为要塞建立，现今是冶金和工业中心。1932至1943年间以及1966至1990年间名为奥约纳基撒。人口314,600〔cementation〕A metallurgical coating process in which iron or steel is immersed in a powder of another metal, such as zinc, chromium, or aluminum, and heated to a temperature below the melting point of either.渗碳处理：一种冶金镀膜工序，在此工序中把钢或铁浸入另一种金属如锌、铬或铝的粉剂里，并加热至这一金属的熔点温度以下 |
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