| 单词 | 到最后 |
| 释义 | 〔only〕The committee can make its decision by Friday of next week only if it receives a copy of the latest report. 委员会只有在收到最后的报告后，才可以在下周五作出决定。 〔straw〕Near the end we were grasping at straws.快到最后我们在抓救命稻草〔wire〕To the very end, as in a race or contest.坚持到最后：如赛跑或比赛中到最后一刻，最终〔blank〕Not having received final processing; unfinished:未完的：未到最后工序的；未完的：〔hectic〕In the Usage Panel survey done for the first edition of theAmerican Heritage Dictionary (1969), 92 percent of the Panel approved of the use ofhectic in its most familiar sense, "characterized by feverish activity, confusion, or haste.”The question was put to the Panelbecause in earlier usage that sense was sometimes deprecated as a loose extension of the term's meaning in medicine.Unless one has some medical knowledgeone probably does not know the older medical uses of the term,for example, "relating to an undulating fever, such as those accompanying tuberculosis,”and unless one has some acquaintance with Middle Englishone would not recognize the first recorded instance of the word,etik, in a text written before 1398. The Middle English term comes from the Old French development of the Late Latin wordhecticus, whose form helped reshape our word in the 16th century.Late Latinhecticus in turn comes from Greek hektikos, "formed by habit or forming habit" and "consumptive,” developing the last sense because of the chronic nature of tuberculous fevers.Thus a word that once simply meant "habitual"eventually had an English descendant used to refer to circumstances that would be undesirable if they were habitual.在针对美国经典辞书 （1969年）第一版对用法专题使用小组的调查中， 92%的成员赞成hectic 一词最常用的意思， “以紧张的活动、忙乱或慌忙为特征的”。之所以要向这些成员提这个问题，是因为作为该词医学含义的模糊延伸，这个意义有时不为人们所接受。除非某人有医学方面的知识，否则他就很可能不知道这个词在医学方面的古老用法，比如“和起伏不定的热病有关的，如肺结核的伴随症”。另外，除非某人对中古英语有一度程度的了解，否则他也认不出1398年以前的一个文本中该词的首例etik 。 这个中古英语单词是由古法语经后期拉丁语hecticus 一词的发展而来的， 其形式在16世纪帮助重新形成了这个单词。而后期拉丁语中的这个词hecticus 又是由希腊语中的 hektikos 一词而来，这个词在希腊语中意指“由习惯形成的或形成习惯的”及“患肺痨的，肺痨的”， 之所以得到最后的意思，是出于肺痨病的特性。这样一来，原来只是表示“习惯性的”这个词，传到英语中最后竟变成了指一旦成为习惯则不被人所喜爱的情形〔through〕From the beginning to the end of:从头到尾：从开始到最后：〔through〕At or to the end of; done or finished with, especially successfully:通过：到最后；尤指成功地以…完成：〔Durocher〕American baseball player and manager remembered for his toughness and his dictum "Nice guys finish last.”杜罗奇尔，利奥·欧内斯特：(1906-1991) 美国垒球运动员与经理，以其强壮和警句“坚持到最后的才是好汉”而出名〔usual〕"It is the customary fate of new truths to begin as heresies and to end as superstitions" (Thomas H. Huxley). “新真理的通常命运是开始被视作异端，到最后又被视作迷信” （汤玛土·H·赫胥黎）。 |
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