| 单词 | 十四行诗 |
| 释义 | 〔Heredia〕Cuban-born French poet and translator. A leading Parnassian, he is known for his sonnets, published inLes Trophées (1893). 埃雷亚，若斯·玛丽·德：(1842-1905) 古巴裔法国诗人、翻译家。巴纳斯派的先驱，因他发表名为《锦幡集》 （1893年）的十四行诗而著名 〔Mistral〕Chilean poet whose works includeSonnets of Death (1914) and Tala (1938). She won the 1945 Nobel Prize for literature. 米斯特拉尔，加布里埃拉：(1889-1957) 智利诗人，作品包括《死亡十四行诗》 （1914年）和 《塔拉》 （1938年），1945年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔desert〕When Shakespeare says in Sonnet 72,"Unless you would devise some virtuous lie,/To do more for me than mine own desert,”he is using the worddesert in the sense of "worthiness; deserving,” a word that is perhaps most familiar to us in the plural, meaning "something that is deserved,”as in the phrasejust deserts. This word goes back to the Latin worddēservīre, "to devote oneself to the service of,”which in Vulgar Latin came to mean "to merit by service.” Dēservīre is made up ofdē-, meaning "thoroughly,” and servīre, "to serve.” Knowing this,we can distinguish thisdesert from desert, "a wasteland,” and desert, "to abandon,” both of which go back to Latindēserere, "to forsake, leave uninhabited,” which is made up ofdē-, expressing the notion of undoing, and the verb serere, "to link together.” We can also distinguish all threedeserts from dessert, "a sweet course at the end of a meal,” which is from the French worddesservir, "to clear the table.” Desservir is made up ofdes-, expressing the notion of reversal, and servir (from Latin servīre ), "to serve,” hence, "to unserve" or "to clear the table.”当莎士比亚在第72首十四行诗中说：“除非你能编出善意的谎言/把我说得比我本人强得多”，这里desert 的意思就是“应得的东西”。 对这个词，我们最熟悉的大概是其复数形式（意思是“应得的东西”）。例如在词组just deserts 中。 该词的起源可以追溯到拉丁词deservire ， 意为“为…而献身”，在俗拉丁语中，意思就变成了“依据服务应得…”。 Deservire 由de- 意思是“完全地，彻底地”和 servire “服务”组成。 知道了这些，我们就可以把desert 与 desert “荒原”和 desert “放弃”区别开来。 后面两个意义可追溯到拉丁语deserere “遗弃，无人居住”， 它由de- 表示“不做”的概念和动词 serere “连接到一起”组成。 我们也能把所有这三个deserts 与 dessert “正餐最后上的一道甜食”区分开来， 后者来自法语词desservir “收拾桌子”。 Desservir 由表达“反，逆”概念的des- 和 servir 组成（来自拉丁语 servire ）， 意为“服务”、“因此“、“不上菜”或“清理桌子”〔Howard〕English poet and soldier remembered for his sonnets and his translations of two books of Virgil'sAeneid. In 1547 he was falsely charged with treason and executed. 霍华德，亨利：(1517?-1547) 英国诗人及士兵，因他的十四行诗和他所翻译的两卷维吉尔的《伊尼亚特》 而著名。1547年，他被误判犯有叛国罪而被处死 〔Browning〕British poet. Overcoming ill health and the jealous objections of her tyrannical father, she eloped to Italy with Robert Browning and married him in 1846. Her greatest work,Sonnets from the Portuguese (1850), is a sequence of love poems written to her husband. 勃朗宁，伊丽莎白·巴雷特：(1806-1861) 英国诗人。她克服了疾病和她暴虐父亲的专横反对，与罗伯特·勃朗宁私奔到意大利，并于1846年与他结婚。其杰作《葡萄牙十四行诗集》 （1850年），是一部写给她丈夫的爱情组诗 〔lyric〕Relating to or constituting a poem in this category, such as a sonnet or an ode.写抒情诗的：关于或构成这种抒情诗的，如十四行诗或赋的〔celebrate〕a sonnet that celebrates love.歌颂爱情的十四行诗〔sonnet〕A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.十四行诗体：一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通常有一种传统的押韵形式〔Bellay〕French poet. A founder of a group of poets known as the Pléiade, he wrote sonnets, satires on literary conventions, and a manifesto of the group's poetic principles.贝莱，乔基姆·杜：(1522?-1560) 法国诗人。作为“七星”诗人小组的创始人之一而著称，写过十四行诗，关于文学传统的讽刺诗，并写了该小组诗歌原则的宣言〔Shakespeare〕English playwright and poet whose body of works is considered the greatest in English literature. His plays, many of which were performed at the Globe Theatre in London, include historical works, such asRichard II, comedies, including Much Ado about Nothing and As You Like It, and tragedies, such as Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear. He also composed 154 sonnets. The earliest collected edition of his plays, the First Folio, contained 36 plays and was published posthumously (1623). 莎士比亚，威廉：(1564-1616) 英国戏剧家和诗人，他的作品被认为是英语文学作品中最伟大的戏剧，其中大多在伦敦的全球戏院演出过，包括历史作品，例如《理查德二世》 ；喜剧包括 《无事自扰》 和 《如愿》 ；悲剧包括 《哈姆雷特》 、 《奥赛罗》 和 《李尔王》 。他还作过154首十四行诗。他最早的戏剧集子，第一对开本，包含了36个戏剧，并在他死后出版(1623年） 〔Drayton〕English poet who produced a wide range of works, including sonnets, dramas, satires, and eclogues, such as those inIdea, The Shepherd's Garland (1593). 德雷顿，迈克尔：(1563-1631) 英国诗人，创作了各种体裁的作品包括十四行诗、诗剧、讽刺诗与田园诗，如《思想，牧羊人的花环》 （1593年） 〔Wyatt〕English diplomat and poet noted for introducing the sonnet form into English literature.怀亚特，托马斯：(1503-1542) 英国外交官和诗人，因把十四行诗形式引入英国文学而著名〔Ronsard〕French poet whose lyrical love poems, includingSonnets pour Hélène (1578), are considered his best works. 龙萨，皮尔·德：(1524-1585) 法国诗人，他的抒情爱情诗《给爱兰娜的十四行诗》 （1578年）等被看作是其最好的作品 〔octave〕A group of eight lines of poetry, especially the first eight lines of a Petrarchan sonnet. Also called octet 前八行诗：诗歌中一组八行，尤指彼得拉克十四行诗中的前八行 也作 octet〔slick〕"as slick as a sonnet, but as dull as ditch water"(Tallulah Bankhead)“象十四行诗一样灵巧，但象阴沟水一样乏味”(塔鲁拉·班克海德) |
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