| 单词 | 家庭生活 |
| 释义 | 〔homely〕Characteristic of the home or of home life:家常的：以家庭生活为特点的：〔catalog〕"the long catalogue of his concerns: unemployment, housing, race, drugs, the decay of the inner city, the environment and family life"(Anthony Holden)“他所关注的事情的长长的名单：失业，住房，种族，毒品，城市的衰退，环境和家庭生活”(安东尼·霍尔登)〔parent〕The Usage Panel is better disposed to accept the verbparent than in previous surveys, though a majority continues to find it unacceptable.In 1968 it was acceptable to only 19 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey45 percent accepted it in the sentenceIn looking for foster homes, we give preference first to relatives and second to families with prior experience in parenting. · The use of the verbparent to mean "act as a parent to" is not entirely new:it occurs as early as 1884 in a metaphorical context.But its use in a literal sense with respect to children is a recent development and reflects a modern reconceptualization of family life.The word is not completely synonymous with the traditional expressionraise a child, though the precise nature of the differences may depend on the context.For some speakers,use of the word suggests a self-conscious shift from child to parent as the focus of the parental relationship,and it may be this implication that feeds critical reservations about the verb.But the usage also reflects a widespread practical realizationthat the activities required of a parent extend well beyond the direct interactionwith the child emphasized inchild raising. Thus theparenting classes for young parents offered by schools and state agencies encompass not only the activities traditionally associated with raising a childbut also topics such as personal self-sufficiency, household financial management, and methods of dealing with schools and health care agencies.See Usage Note at father 用法小组比以往更倾向于接受动词parent 了， 虽然还有大部分人觉得不可接受。1968年仅有19％的小组成员认同这种用法；在最近的调查中，有45％的人接受了它,如在：在寻找收养家庭时，我们首先选孩子的亲戚，其次是有过养育孩子经历的家庭 这样的句子中的用法。 Parent 的意为“做…的父（母）”动词用法， 并不完全是个新用法：早在1884年，在一个比喻性的文章中就出现过了。但就孩子这方面而言，它的本义是近期发展的结果并反映了现代家庭生活的观念。这个词并不与习语 raise a child 完全同义， 尽管不同之处确切的性质可能取决于说话背景。但对一些人来说，使用这个词暗含一个把家长的关系作为重点的自觉的从孩子到父母的转换，也许正是这个隐含的用意引起了关于这个动词批评性的保留。然而，这个用法也反映了广泛的现实认识，即要求父母的活动扩展到超出直接与孩子的相互作用，这个相互作用在 child raising 这个短语中有所强调。 因此，由学校和国家专门部门向年轻家长提供的 parenting 课， 不仅包括传统上与抚养孩子有关的事务，而且还包括诸如个人自给自足、家庭财政管理和同学校和保健部门打交道的方法等课题 参见 father〔domesticity〕Home life or devotion to it.家庭生活，爱家〔domesticate〕To adopt or make fit for domestic use or life.适应家庭生活：适应或适合家庭使用或家庭生活〔shelter〕"The great advantage of a hotel is that it's a refuge from home life" (George Bernard Shaw).“住旅馆的最大优点是它成为家庭生活的避难所” （乔治·伯纳德·萧）。〔Steen〕Dutch genre painter known for his humorous and moralistic depictions of domestic life and revelry, includingVillage Wedding (1635) and Flemish Feast in an Inn (1674). 斯泰恩，简：(1626?-1679) 荷兰风俗画画家，以其对家庭生活和娱乐的幽默和说教刻画而著称，作品有《乡村婚礼》 （1635年）和 《佛兰德斯小旅馆里的筵席》 （1674年） 〔Hooch〕Dutch genre painter known for his depictions of domestic life and interiors. His works include Courtyard of a House in Delft (1658). 霍赫·彼得：以其对家庭生活形态及内心的描述著称于世的荷兰风俗画家，他的作品包括《台夫特的房屋庭院》 （1658年） 〔resonant〕"While her husband . . . travels far less, they find her life on the run a resonant stress factor in her home"(Robert Berry)“由于她的丈夫很少出外旅行，他们发现她那疲于奔命的生活方式是对家庭生活产生持续紧张压力的因素”(罗伯特·贝里)〔Butler〕British writer best known forThe Way of All Flesh (1903), a semiautobiographical novel satirizing family life in mid-Victorian England. 巴特勒，塞缪尔：(1835-1902) 英国作家。以讽刺维多利亚时代英格兰家庭生活的半自传体小说《众生之路》 （1903年）最为著名 〔father〕The verbfather has come to be used widely to mean specifically to "perform the child-rearing functions of a father,”particularly in the gerundfathering, as inFathering a step-child takes considerable tact and understanding. This usage reflects the same social changes that have led to the analogous use of the verbparent and has met with the same kinds of critical resistance.In the most recent surveythe example cited was rejected by 64 percent of the Usage Panel.A problem particular to this use offather is that it may occasion opportunities for humorous misconstruction,since it is in direct competition with the older sense of "beget.” ·It is notablethat the analogous use ofmother as a verb meaning specifically "to perform the child-rearing functions of a mother" is encountered only rarely.It is likely that the discrepancy in the frequency of these new uses ofmother and father reflects the fact that recent writers on family life have tended to place more emphasis on a reconceptualization of the traditional paternal role in child-rearing.See Usage Note at parent 动词father 被广泛应用， 尤指“履行一个父亲养育孩子的职责”，特别是动名词fathering， 如在抚育养子得花费巨大的心智和理解 。 这种用法反应了引起动词parent 相似用法的同样社会变化， 并遭到了同样的批评反对。在最近的调查中，引用的例子被用法专题使用小组64%的成员反对。特别对于father 这种用法的一个问题是， 它可能会引起幽默的误解，因为它直接与旧观念的“生育”冲突。值得注意的是，mother 作为动词的相似用法意思特指“履行一个母亲生养孩子的职责”， 这种用法很少见。看起来mother 和 father 这些新用法出现频率的不一致反映了一个事实， 那就是近期家庭生活题材的作者们倾向于将更多的重点放在重新定义父母在抚养孩子上所充任的传统角色 参见 parent〔mossgrown〕mossgrown ideas about family life.关于家庭生活的陈旧观念 |
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