单词 | 电学 |
释义 | 〔milliwatt〕A unit of power equal to one thousandth (10-3) of a watt. 微瓦:电学单位,等于千分之一(10-3)瓦 〔watt〕One might well ask how many European scientists it takes to turn on a light bulb.If we think in terms of the names used for various units in the International, or meter-kilogram-second, System,a fair number are involved.Alphabetically arranged, these units are theampere, named for the French scientist Andr? Marie Ampère (1775-1836); thecoulomb, after the French scientist Charles A. de Coulomb (1736-1806); thefarad and the faraday, after the British scientist Michael Faraday (1791-1867); thejoule, after the British scientist James P. Joule (1818-1889); thenewton, after the British scientist Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727); theohm, after the German scientist Georg S. Ohm (1789-1854); thevolt, after the Italian scientist Count Alessandro Volta (1745-1827); and thewatt, after the British scientist James Watt (1736-1819). Definitions such as that ofohm, "a unit of electrical resistance equal to that of a conductor in which a current of one ampere is produced by a potential of one volt across its terminals,” take on more human connotations when we think of how human contributions to the study of electricity are memorialized in them.The dates of first recorded use of the terms in English are as follows:ampere, 1881; coulomb, 1881; farad, 1861; faraday, 1904; joule, 1882; newton, 1904; ohm, 1870 (suggested in 1861); volt, 1873; and watt, 1882. 有人可能会问经过了多少位欧洲科学家才点亮了灯泡。如果我们以国际单位制或米—千克—秒单位制中各种单位之名称的形式来考虑的话,相当数量的人被包括了。这些单位按字母顺序排列是安培, 以法国科学家安德烈·马里耶·安培(1775—1836年)命名; 库仑, 以法国科学家夏尔·埃·德库仑(1736-1806年)命名; 法拉 和 法拉第, 以英国科学家迈克尔·法拉第(1791—1867年)命名; 焦耳 以英国科学家詹姆斯·皮·焦耳(1818—1889年)命名; 牛顿, 以英国科学家伊萨克·牛顿爵士(1642—1727年)命名; 欧姆, 以德国科学家格奥尔格·斯·欧姆(1789—1854年)命名; 伏特, 以意大利科学家亚历山德罗·沃尔塔伯爵(1745—1827年)命名; 瓦特, 以英国科学家詹姆士·瓦特(1736—1819年)命名。 定义诸如欧姆, “电阻单位,等于一伏特电压加于导体两端在导体内部产生一安培电流之导体电阻”, 当我们想到人们对电学做出的贡献是怎样在这之中得到纪念的时候,就带上了更多的人文内涵。英语中首次有记录的使用这些说法的时间如下:安培, 1881; 库仑, 1881; 法拉, 1861; 法拉第, 1904; 焦耳, 1882; 牛顿, 1904; 欧姆, 1870(在1861年建议使用); 伏特, 1873;和 瓦特, 1882 〔Kirchhoff〕German physicist noted for his research in spectrum analysis, optics, and electricity.基尔霍夫,古斯塔夫·罗伯特:(1824-1887) 德国物理学家,以他对光谱分析,光学,和电学的研究著名〔electricity〕The physical science of such phenomena.电学:研究电的现象的物理科学〔Gilbert〕English court physician noted for his studies of electricity and magnetism.吉尔伯特,威廉:(1544-1603) 英国皇家科学院物理学家,因其在电学和磁力学方面的研究而闻名〔Galvani〕Italian physiologist and physician who asserted that animal tissues generate electricity. Although he was proved wrong, his experiments stimulated research on electricity.加尔瓦尼,路易吉:(1737-1798) 意大利生理学家和内科医生,他宣称动物组织能产生电。虽然他的理论被证明是错的,但他的实验却促进了对电学的研究〔platinum〕Symbol Pt A silver-white metallic element occurring worldwide, usually mixed with other metals such as iridium, osmium, or nickel. It is ductile and malleable, does not oxidize in air, and is used as a catalyst and in electrical components, jewelry, dentistry, and electroplating. Atomic number 78; atomic weight 195.09; melting point 1,772°C; boiling point 3,827°C; specific gravity 21.45; valence 2, 3, 4. See table at element 符号 Pt 铂:一种世界范围内存在的银白色金属元素,常与其它金属,如铱、锇或镍混合,易拉长且具延展性的,在空气中不氧化,可用作催化剂,用于电学元件、珠宝,牙科学和电镀中。原子序数78;原子量195.09;熔点1,772°C;沸点3,827°C;比重21.45;化合价2,3,4 参见 element〔filter〕Any of various electric, electronic, acoustic, or optical devices used to reject signals, vibrations, or radiations of certain frequencies while passing others.滤光器,滤色镜,滤波器:一种电学的、电子学的、声学的或光学的设备,用于在通过其它物时限制特定频率的信号、振动或放射 |
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