| 单词 | 凯尔特语 |
| 释义 | 〔croze〕[perhaps of Celtic origin] [可能源于凯尔特语] 〔bun〕[of Celtic origin] [起源于凯尔特语] 〔tonne〕[probably of Celtic origin] [可能来自凯尔特语] 〔tin〕The history of the wordtin may take us back to a time before Europe had been settled by speakers of Indo-European languages, such as the Germanic and Celtic languages. Related words for this metal are found in almost all Germanic languages,such as GermanZinn, Swedish tenn, and Old English tin (as in Modern English), but no other Indo-European language family has such a word.The word may have been borrowed into the Germanic languages from a pre-Indo-European language of Western Europe.Such borrowing is supported by the factthat during the Bronze Age the Near East imported most of its tin and copper from Europe, where the metals were produced and metal objects were manufactured.Lest we be too amazed by this accomplishment,we might remember another remarkable achievement of pre-Indo-European society, the construction of huge megalithic monuments such as Stonehenge.单词tin 的历史可以把我们带回讲印欧语系语言（如日耳曼和凯尔特语）的民族在欧洲定居以前的那个时代。 在几乎所有的日耳曼语言中都可以找到指称这种金属的相关词，如德语中的zinn ，瑞典语中的 tenn 以及古代英语中的 tin （与现代英语一样）， 但是其它印欧语系语言中都没有这样的一个词。这个词可能是从西欧的前印欧语系语言借入日耳曼语的。这种转借是有据可依的，因为在青铜时代近东地区的大多数锡和铜都是从生产金属和金属器具的欧洲输入的。我们可能对当时欧洲的这种成就感到惊异，但是如果我们想到前印欧语系社会的另一个杰出成就——大型巨石纪念碑，如巨石阵的建造，我们就不会感到那么奇怪了〔lead〕[probably of Celtic origin] [可能源于凯尔特语] 〔beignet〕[of Celtic origin] [源自凯尔特语的] 〔bray〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语的] 〔back〕[probably of Celtic origin] [可能源于凯尔特语的] 〔claver〕[Perhaps of Celtic origin] [可能来源于凯尔特语] 〔basin〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语的] 〔tun〕[possibly of Celtic origin] [可能源于凯尔特语] 〔jabot〕[perhaps of Celtic origin] [可能源于凯尔特语] 〔brasserie〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语的] 〔eghs〕eisteddfod , from Welsh eistedd , sitting, from Celtic *eks-dī-sedo- . eisteddfod , 源自 威尔士语 eistedd , 就座的, 源自 凯尔特语 *eks-dī-sedo- . 〔andiron〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语] 〔loach〕[possibly of Celtic origin] [可能源于凯尔特语] 〔stannic〕Late Latin stannum [tin] from Latin [an alloy of silver and lead] alteration of stagnum [probably of Celtic origin] 后期拉丁语 stannum [锡] 源自 拉丁语 [ 银铅合金] stagnum的变化 [可能源自凯尔特语] 〔tan〕[probably of Celtic origin] [可能源于凯尔特语] 〔gravel〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语] 〔bound〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语的] 〔brigade〕[of Celtic origin] * see g werə- 1[源于凯尔特语的] * 参见 g werə- 1〔league〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语] 〔gable〕from Norman French gable [perhaps of Celtic origin] 源自 诺曼法语 gable [可能源于凯尔特语] 〔debris〕brisier [to break] from Vulgar Latin *brīsāre [to press grapes] [probably of Celtic origin] brisier [折断] 源自 俗拉丁语 *brīsāre [榨取葡萄汁] [也许来源于凯尔特语] 〔lees〕[probably of Celtic origin] * see legh- [可能源于凯尔特语] * 参见 legh- 〔upo〕Probably compound*upo-st-o- . ( valet ), ( varlet ), vassal , from Vulgar Latin *vassus , vassal, from Celtic *wasso- , "one who stands under,” servant, young man ( *sto- , standing; see stā- ). 可能是复合词*upo-st-o- . ( valet ), ( varlet ), vassal , 源自 俗拉丁语 *vassus , 随从，部下, 源自 凯尔特语 *wasso- , “附属地站在一旁的人,” 佣人, 年轻男子( *sto- , standing; 参见 stā-). 〔chariot〕[of Celtic origin] * see kers- [源于凯尔特语的] * 参见 kers- 〔cumber〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语] 〔gremlin〕Elves, goblins, and trolls seem to be the timeless creations of the distant past,but gremlins were born in the 20th century.In fact,gremlin is first recorded only in the 1920's, as a Royal Air Force term for a low-ranking officer or enlisted man saddled with oppressive assignments. Said to have been invented by members of the Royal Naval Air Service in World War I,gremlin is used in works written in the 1940's for "an imaginary gnomelike creature who causes difficulties in aircraft.”The word seems likely to have been influenced bygoblin, but accounts of its origin are various and none are certain.One source calls in Fremlin beer bottles to explain the word;another, the Irish Gaelic wordgruaimín, "ill-humored little fellow.” Whatever the word's origin,it is certain that gremlins have taken on a life of their own.小精灵、小妖怪和侏儒似乎很久以前就被创造出来而且流传至今，而小妖精一词则是20世纪的产物。事实上，gremlin 在20世纪20年代首次被记录下来时为皇家空军对一个承受严酷任务的低级军官或征召者的称呼。 据说这是在第一次世界大战中由皇家空军的成员创造出来的。1904年，gremlin 被用在书面的作品中， 意为“一种想象中的在飞机上制造麻烦的小生物。”这个词看起来很有可能受了goblin 一词的影响， 但对其词源说法不一，莫衷一是。一种说法用弗来姆林啤酒瓶来解释这一词；而另一种认为爱尔兰凯尔特语词汇gruaimin 意为“坏脾气的小家伙”为其词源。 不管源自何处，有一点是肯定的，小妖精自身有其生命力〔marl〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语] 〔lozenge〕[perhaps of Celtic origin] [可能源于凯尔特语的] 〔briar〕[of Celtic origin] * see wer- 2[源于凯尔特语的] * 参见 wer- 2〔frown〕[of Celtic origin] [源自凯尔特语] 〔gladiator〕[of Celtic origin] [源自凯尔特语] 〔upo〕Basic form*upo- . (see reidh- ) Latin verēdus , post horse, from Celtic *wo- , under. 基本形式*upo- . （ 参见 reidh-) 拉丁语 verēdus , 驿马, 源自 凯尔特语 *wo- , 在…之下. 〔British〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语的] 〔per〕(seewēro- ) Celtic *ro- , intensive prefix, in *ro-wero- , sufficiency. （ 参见wēro-) 凯尔特语 *ro- , 强调前缀, in *ro-wero- , 充分. 〔bourn〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语的] 〔bitumen〕[perhaps of Celtic origin] [可能源于凯尔特语的] 〔bushel〕[of Celtic origin] [源于凯尔特语的] |
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