| 单词 | 分类 |
| 释义 | 〔subspecies〕A subdivision of a taxonomic species, usually based on geographic distribution.亚种：通常以地理分节为根据之生物学分类级别〔Deniker〕French anthropologist who proposed the ethnological classification of Europeans according to stature, cranial index, and color of hair.戴尼克尔，约瑟夫：(1852-1918) 法国人类学家，他按骨架、头盖骨和头发的颜色提出了对欧洲人进行分类的种族分类法〔Hooker〕British botanist and explorer who wroteGenera Plantarum (1862-1883), a global study of the distribution of plants. 胡克，约瑟夫·多尔顿：(1817-1911) 英国植物学家和探险家，曾著《植物种类》 （1862-1883年），是对植物分类的全面研究 〔kingdom〕The highest taxonomic classification into which organisms are grouped, based on fundamental similarities and common ancestry. One widely accepted taxonomic system designates five such classifications: animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and protoctists. See table at taxonomy 界：以基本特征相似和共同祖先为基础将生物体归类的最高级别分类的分类方法。一种被广泛采用的分类学系统表示为五大类别，动物、植物、真菌、原生物核和原生物 参见 taxonomy〔taxonomy〕Division into ordered groups or categories:分类：分成有序的小组或类项：〔tag〕A strip of leather, paper, metal, or plastic attached to something or hung from a wearer's neck to identify, classify, or label:标签：附在某物上或挂在佩戴者脖子上以便证明身份、分类或标志的小块皮革、纸片、金属或塑料：〔petrography〕The description and classification of rocks.岩相学，岩类学：对岩石的描述和分类〔kingdom〕One of the three main divisions (animal, vegetable, and mineral) into which natural organisms and objects are classified.界：自然的生物体和物体被分类的三大主要分界（动物、植物和矿物）之一〔divide〕To separate and group according to kind; classify.分类：把…按种类分类或分组；分类〔place〕To identify or classify in a particular context:认定，认清：在一特定的背景下鉴别或分类：〔phenetic〕Of, relating to, or designating a system of classification of organisms based on overall or observable similarities rather than on phylogenetic or evolutionary relationships.表现型分类法的：基于全部或可观察到的相似性，而不是基于系统发生或进化联系，而对有机物进行分类的体系的；与之有关的；或应用表现型分类法的〔cryptogam〕A member of a formerly recognized taxonomic group that included all seedless plants, such as mosses, algae, fungi, and ferns.隐花植物：先前已被确认的一个分类的成员，包括有所有的无籽植物，如苔藓、水藻、真菌和蕨类植物〔serotype〕To classify according to serotype; assign to a particular serotype.以血清型分类；划分为一特定血清型〔cytotaxonomy〕The classification of organisms based on cellular structure and function, especially on the structure and number of chromosomes.细胞分类学：在细胞结构和功能基础上的，特别是在染色体的结构和数量上的微生物的分类〔taxonomy〕"Scholars have been laboring to develop a taxonomy of young killers"(Aric Press)“学者们正努力对年轻的杀人犯进行分类”(阿里奇·普雷斯)〔systematics〕The science of systematic classification.分类学：有系统的分类的科学〔Garden〕Scottish-born American naturalist and physician who contributed to the classification of New World plants. The gardenia is named after him.加登，亚历山大：(1730?-1791) 苏格兰裔的美国自然学家和医生，对美洲植物分类有一定贡献。栀子花就是以他的姓名命名的〔size〕To arrange, classify, or distribute according to size.依大小排列（或分类）：按大小排列、分类或区分〔trashed〕Expressions for intoxication are among those that best showcase the creativity of slang. The boundless inventiveness in expressing the ordinary in not-so-ordinary ways led Walt Whitman to describe slang as"an attempt of common humanity to escape from bald literalism, and express itself illimitably.” Colloquial and slang expressions meaning "intoxicated" can fill several pages in slang thesauruses. Most fall into a few general groups. Common are expressions that originally meant "damaged, badly affected by something,” such as trashed, smashed, crocked, blitzed, hammered, wasted, messed up, and blasted. Cooking terms are also common, such as baked, fried, and boiled (said to have been coined at Princeton University in the 1920s). Terms relating to liquids or being filled are a natural source of metaphors for filling oneself up with drink or drugs: sloshed, oiled, tanked, and loaded are but a few. Some terms are not easily classified or have origins that are not fully clear, such as tight (first appearing in the 1830s), plastered (first appearing around 1912), blotto (perhaps from blot, first appearing in 1917), and stoned (apparently taken from such expressions as stone-drunk, stone-cold, and first appearing as stone in 1945). Most current terms for "intoxicated" are not very old, as one expects of slang terms generally; of those in the lists above, blotto, crocked, fried, loaded, plastered, tanked, tight, and oiled are recorded in the first half of the 20th century, and of these only tight and oiled are known to have existed before then. 表示喝醉的词语充分体现了俚语的创造性。用非同寻常的方式创造极为寻常的俚语，其间蕴藏了无限创造空间，华尔特·惠特曼将俚语描述为“让平常心从文字束缚中逃离，并随性表达出来” 。表示“喝醉的，酒醉的”的口语以及俚语的表达方式，可以填满俚语同义词的数页空间。大多数俚语可归入几个分类。许多常见俚语的原意为“被破坏的，受某物负面影响”，如 trashed、smashed、crocked、blitzed、hammered、wasted、messed up 以及 blasted 。烹饪词汇也很普遍，如 baked、fried 和 boiled （据说由普林斯顿大学于20世纪20年代创造）。与液体或注入有关的词语是隐喻表示过多饮酒或吸毒而形成的自然来源： sloshed、oiled、tanked 和 loaded 只是其中少数例子。有些词语不易界定其类别或其原意较不清楚，如 tight （首次出现于19世纪30年代）、 plastered （首次出现于1912年）、 blotto （可能源自 blot ，首次出现于1917年）以及 stoned （显然来自词语 stone-drunk和stone-cold ，并于1945年首次以 stone 的形式出现）。正如大家对俚语的普遍看法，大多数表示“喝醉的，酒醉的”的现行词语都较新；在如上所列词汇中， blotto、crocked、fried、loaded、plastered、tanked、tight 和 oiled 首次见载于19世纪中叶，只有 tight 和 oiled 是所知早于那个时期 〔hierarchy〕Categorization of a group of people according to ability or status.划分，区分，分等级：根据能力或地位对人进行分类〔attribute〕 Assign and refer are often used to classify or categorize according to character or chronology: Assign 和 refer 常用于根据其性质或发生年代分级或分类：〔sampler〕A representative collection or selection:集锦：具有代表性的收集或分类：〔digest〕To organize into a systematic arrangement, usually by summarizing or classifying.整理：通过总结或分类，形成系统化排列〔caconym〕An erroneous name, especially in taxonomic classification; a misnomer.误命名，不当名称：错误的名字，尤指动植物分类中；命名不当〔nomenclator〕One who assigns names, as in scientific classification.命名者：命名的人。如在科学分类中〔typology〕The study or systematic classification of types that have characteristics or traits in common.类型学：对有共同特点或特性铅字的研究或系统化分类〔size〕Any of a series of graduated categories of dimension whereby manufactured articles, such as shoes and clothing, are classified.尺码：按尺寸分等级的一系列分类方法，从而对制作的物品（如鞋和衣服）进行分类〔trial〕from trier [to sort, try] 源自 trier [分类，试验] 〔branch〕A division of a family, categorized by descent from a particular ancestor.家族支系：家族的分支，由特定祖先的后裔分类〔gendered〕gendered behavior in children; gendered assumptions about the law's fairness.儿童之间以性别为分类的行为；对于法律的公平性中有关性别的预设立场〔systematic〕Of or relating to classification or taxonomy.分类的，分类学的：分类或分类学的，或与之相关的〔pigeonhole〕To classify mentally; categorize.留在记忆中：把…归类贮存于记忆中；把…分类，归档〔assortment〕The act of assorting; separation into classes.分类：分类的行为；分类〔partition〕The decomposition of a set into a family of mutually exclusive sets.划分，分类：把一个集合分拆成几个互相排斥的集合族〔systematism〕The practice of classifying or systematizing.系统化，制度化：分类或使系统化的实践〔misclassify〕To classify incorrectly.不正确地进行分类〔trinomial〕A three-part taxonomic designation indicating genus, species, and subspecies or variety, such asBrassica oleracea botrytis, the cauliflower. 三名法：一种包含有三部分的分类命名法，显示属、种和亚种或品种，例如芸苔属、蔬菜种、葡萄牙亚种 花椰菜 〔system〕A set of objects or phenomena grouped together for classification or analysis.系统：为分类或分析而组合在一起的一组事物或现象〔card〕One bearing a person's name and other information, used for purposes of identification or classification.个人名片：印有一个人的姓名及他的其它情况的纸片，用作身份证明或分类〔sporozoan〕From New Latin Sporozoa [class name] 源自 新拉丁语 Sporozoa [分类名称] |
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