| 单词 | 独立战争 |
| 释义 | 〔Washington〕American military leader and the first President of the United States (1789-1797). Commander of the American forces in the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), he presided over the Second Constitutional Convention (1787) and was elected President of the fledgling country (1789). He shunned partisan politics and in his farewell address (1796) warned against foreign involvement.华盛顿，乔治：(1732-1799) 美国军事领袖，美利坚合众国第一任总统(1789-1797年）。在美国独立战争(1775-1783年）中出任美军司令，主持第二届制宪会议(1787年），被选为新成立的美国的总统(1789年）。他避免了党派政治，并在他的告别讲演(1796年）中警告外国势力的干涉〔Bowie〕American-born Mexican colonist who joined the Texan forces during the struggle for independence from Mexico. He died during the defense of the Alamo.鲍威，詹姆斯：(1796-1836) 美裔墨西哥籍殖民者，在争取从墨西哥分离的独立战争中他加入得克萨斯军队，在阿拉莫保卫战中丧生〔Adams〕American Revolutionary leader whose agitations spurred Bostonians toward rebellion against British occupation and rule. He was a member of the First and Second Continental Congresses, signed the Declaration of Independence, and served as governor of Massachusetts (1794-1797).亚当斯，塞缪尔：(1722-1803) 美国独立战争的领导人，鼓动波士顿人反抗英国统治及英国法律。第一届和第二届大陆会议的成员，签署《独立宣言》并任马萨诸塞州州长（1794-1797年）〔Arnold〕American Revolutionary general and traitor whose plan to surrender West Point to the British for 20,000 pounds was foiled when his accomplice John André was captured (1780). Arnold fled to New York and then to England (1781).阿诺德，本尼狄克：(1741-1801) 美国独立战争时的将领和叛徒，他（妄图）以20,000英镑将西点要塞出卖给英方的计划，遭到挫败时他与共犯约翰·安德烈被俘（1780年）。阿诺德逃往纽约接着逃亡英国（1781年）〔Paoli〕Corsican patriot who led (from 1755) the struggle for independence from Genoa.保利，帕斯奎尔·迪：(1725-1807) 科西嘉爱国主义者，领导了（始于1755年）反抗热那亚的独立战争〔Schuyler〕American Revolutionary general of American forces in New York State who was relieved of his command after the British capture of Fort Ticonderoga (1777). He later served as a U.S. senator from New York (1789-1791 and 1797-1798).斯凯勒，菲利普·约翰：(1733-1804) 美国独立战争时纽约州军队的将领，在英军攻陷泰孔德罗加要塞后被解除职务(1777年）。他后来成为纽约州选出的美国参议员(1789-1791年及1797-1798年）〔Jones〕Scottish-born American naval officer. In the American Revolution he raided the British coast and destroyed two warships (1779).琼斯，约翰·保罗：(1747-1792) 苏格兰裔的美国海军军官。在美国独立战争中，他曾袭击英国海岸并摧毁两艘军舰(1779年）〔royalist〕An American loyal to British rule during the American Revolution; a Tory.保王分子、亲英分子或亲英分子：美国独立战争时对英国统治效忠的美国人；亲英分子〔Wilson〕American Revolutionary patriot and jurist. A signer of the Declaration of Independence, he later served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1789-1798).威尔逊，詹姆斯：(1742-1798) 美国独立战争时的爱国者和律师，曾参加签署《独立宣言》，后来任美国最高法院的陪审法官(1789-1798年）〔Halifax〕The capital and largest city of Nova Scotia, Canada, in the south-central part of the province on the Atlantic Ocean. Founded in 1749, it served as an important naval base in the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and both World Wars. Population, 114,594.哈利法克斯：加拿大诺瓦斯克提亚的首府和最大的城市，位于濒临大西洋的这个省的南部中心位置，建于1749 年， 当时是作为美国独立战争的一个重要的海军基地，后又在1812年战争及以后两次世界大战中起过重要作用。人口114,594〔George〕A glacial lake of northeast New York in the foothills of the Adirondack Mountains south of Lake Champlain. Discovered in 1646, it was the site of numerous battles during the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. Today the lake is the center of a large recreational area.乔治湖：美国纽约州东北的冰川湖，位于尚普兰湖以南的阿迪朗达克山麓小丘上。1646年被发现，是法印战争和美国独立战争中多次战役的地点。今天该湖是一个大的休养娱乐地区的中心〔Lee〕American Revolutionary politician and soldier. He served in the Virginia legislature (1785-1788 and 1789-1791) and as governor of Virginia (1792-1795).李，亨利：(1756-1818) 美国独立战争时的政治家和军人。曾服务于弗吉尼亚议会(1785-1788年和1789-1791年），作过弗吉尼亚的州长(1792-1795年）〔Estaing〕French naval commander who was sent to aid American forces in the Revolutionary War (1778). A royalist, he was tried and guillotined during the French Revolution.伊斯坦，查尔斯·赫克托耳·德：(1729-1794) 法国海军将领，在1778年美国独立战争时率舰队支援北美殖民地人民，在法国大革命时因涉嫌保皇而被斩首〔Sampson〕American Revolutionary soldier who fought disguised as a man (1782-1783) and was wounded twice before her secret was discovered. In 1818 she was granted a full veteran's pension.萨姆森，底波拉：(1760-1827) 美国独立战争士兵，女扮男装作战(1782-1783年），在秘密被揭穿前负伤两次，1818年被授予全老兵津贴〔Ridgewood〕A village of northeast New Jersey north-northeast of Paterson. Both British and American troops had encampments here during the Revolution. Population, 24,152.里奇伍德：美国新泽西州东北一乡村，位于帕特森东北偏北，在美国独立战争时，英国和美国部队都在这扎过营。人口24,152〔Lexington〕A town of northeast Massachusetts, a residential suburb of Boston. The Battle of Lexington (April 19, 1775) marked the beginning of the American Revolution. Population, 28,974.莱克星顿：美国马萨诸塞州东北部的一个城镇，是波士顿的居民小区。莱克星顿战役(1775年4月19日）标志着美国独立战争的开始。人口28,974〔revolutionary〕Characterized by or resulting in radical change:美国独立战争的：以根本性改变为特征的或导致激进变化的：〔Beauharnais〕French soldier who fought with Rochambeau's troops in the American Revolution and later in France with the French Revolutionary army. He was guillotined during the Reign of Terror.博阿内，亚历山大·德：(1760-1794) 法国军人，他在美国独立战争中与罗尚博的部队战斗，后来又在法国参加了同法国革命军的战争，在恐怖时代他被送上断头台〔Hale〕American Revolutionary soldier hanged by the British as a spy. According to tradition, his last words were "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”黑尔，内森：(1755-1776) 美国独立战争时的战士，被英军以间谍罪绞死。据一般的说法，他的最后一句话是：“我唯一的憾事是只有一条生命献给祖国”〔Allen〕American Revolutionary soldier whose troops, the Green Mountain Boys, helped capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British (1775).艾伦，伊桑：(1738-1789) 美国独立战争时格林山兄弟会首领，曾于1775年率部帮助攻克英军泰孔德罗加要塞〔redcoat〕A British soldier, especially one serving during the American Revolution.英国士兵：英兵，特别是在美国独立战争中服役的英国士兵〔Moultrie〕American Revolutionary soldier who defended Charleston, South Carolina, against British attacks (1776 and 1779).莫尔特里，威廉：(1730-1805) 美国独立战争中的战士，曾为保卫查尔斯顿、南卡罗来纳州抗击英军的进攻(1776和1779年）〔Hancock〕American politician and Revolutionary leader. He was president of the Continental Congress (1775-1777) and the first to sign the Declaration of Independence. Hancock later served nine terms as governor of Massachusetts (1780-1785 and 1787-1793).汉考克，约翰：(1737-1793) 美国政治家、独立战争领袖，他曾于1775-1777年任大陆会议主席， 是独立宣言的第一个签署人。汉考克后来于1780-1785年和1787-1793年在马萨诸塞州历任九届州长〔Saratoga〕A former village of eastern New York on the west bank of the Hudson River east of Saratoga Springs. The defeat and surrender of Gen. John Burgoyne's British army on October 17, 1777, marked the end of the hard-fought Saratoga Campaign (June-October) and was a major turning point in the American Revolution.萨拉托加：美国纽约东部从前的一个村庄，位于哈得孙河两岸，萨拉托加斯普林斯以东。1777年10月17日约翰·伯戈因将军率领的英军在此被打败并投降，标志着激烈的萨拉托加战役的结束(6月-10月），此役是美国独立战争的一个重要转折点〔Concord〕A town of eastern Massachusetts on theConcord River west-northwest of Boston. An early battle of the Revolutionary War was fought here on April 19, 1775. In the 19th century the town was noted as an intellectual and literary center. Population, 17,076. 康科德城：美国马萨诸塞州东部一城镇，位于波士顿西北偏西的康科德河 沿岸。1775年4月19日，这里曾发生过一次独立战争的早期战斗。19世纪该城曾成为科技与文化中心。人口17,076 〔Kalb〕German general in the American Revolution who wintered with George Washington at Valley Forge (1777-1778) and was mortally wounded at the Battle of Camden (1780).卡尔布，约翰：(1721-1780) 美国独立战争时的德意志少将，在福吉谷与乔治·华盛顿共同度过一冬(1777-1778年），并在卡姆登战役（1780年）中负了致命伤〔Rochambeau〕French army officer who commanded French forces in the American Revolution, most notably in the defeat of the British at Yorktown (1781).罗尚波，孔德·德：(1725-1807) 曾率法军支援美国独立战争的法国军官，因在英国的约克镇战役中(1781年）击败英军而功勋显赫〔Pendleton〕American Revolutionary leader and jurist. He was governor of Virginia (1774-1776) and president of Virginia's Supreme Court of Appeals (1799-1803).彭德尔顿，埃德蒙：(1721-1803) 美国独立战争领袖和法律学家，曾任美国弗吉尼亚州州长(1774-1776年）和维吉尼亚最高上诉法院主席(1799-1803年）〔Pennsylvania〕A state of the eastern United States. It was admitted as one of the original Thirteen Colonies in 1787. First explored in the early 1600's, the region was settled by Swedes in 1634 and granted by royal charter to William Penn in 1681. The Mason-Dixon Line (surveyed in 1763-1767) established the colony's southern boundary and was extended westward in 1784. Pennsylvania played a crucial role in the American Revolution and in the formation of the new republic. Harrisburg is the capital and Philadelphia the largest city. Population, 11,924,710.宾夕法尼亚州：美国东部的一个州，1787年成为东部十三州殖民地之一，16世纪早期首次被探险，瑞典人于1634年在此定居并于1681年经皇家宪章批准归属彭·威廉。梅森-狄克森线(1763-1767年间勘定）为这一殖民地建立了南界，并于1784年向西扩延。宾夕法尼亚州在美国独立战争及新共和国成立中起重要作用，首府为哈里斯堡，最大城市是费城。人口11,924,710〔Chase〕American jurist and Revolutionary War leader who was a delegate to the Continental Congresses, signed the Declaration of Independence, and served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1796-1811).蔡斯，塞缪尔：(1741-1811) 美国法官，独立战争领导人，曾任大陆会议代表并签署过《独立宣言》，1796至1811年间任美国最高法庭陪审法官〔Prescott〕American Revolutionary patriot who on April 18, 1775, joined Paul Revere and William Dawes on their ride to spread the news of the British advance on Concord, Massachusetts. Because Revere was captured and Dawes was forced to retreat, only Prescott was able to warn the militias of Lincoln and Concord.普雷斯科特，塞缪尔：(1751-1777?) 美国独立战争中的爱国者。在1775年4月18日，他和保罗·罗维尔和威廉·道斯一起传播了英军向马萨诸塞州的康科德进军的消息，后因里维尔被捕，而道斯义被迫撤退，只有普雷斯科特最终向驻扎在林肯和康科德的民兵报警〔Putnam〕American soldier active in the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War. During the Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775), he supposedly issued the order, "Don't one of you shoot until you see the whites of their eyes.”普特南，以色列：(1718-1790) 美国士兵，在法印战争及美国独立战争中表现活跃。在邦克山战役中(1775年6月17日）据说他发布了这样的命令，在你看到敌人的白眼球之前不要开枪〔Wayne〕American Revolutionary general who was involved in numerous campaigns, including the Battles of Brandywine (1777) and Monmouth (1778). His seizure of Stony Point, a British defense post (1779), displayed the tactical audacity that gave rise to his nickname.韦恩，安东尼：(1745-1796) 美国独立战争将领，参加了很多战役，包括布兰迪万河战役(1777年）和蒙茅斯战役(1778年）。他对在英军防守地斯托尼波因特的夺取中(1779年）表现了战术上的大胆，也由此博得了他的绰号〔Norwalk〕A city of southwest Connecticut on Long Island Sound northeast of Stamford. Founded in the mid-1600's, it was burned by the British in the American Revolution. Population, 78,331.诺沃克：美国康涅狄格州西南的城市，位于史丹福东北长岛海峡上。建于17世纪中期，在美国独立战争时被英国人烧毁。人口78,331〔dizzy〕"The American language had begun its dizzy onward march before the Revolution"(H.L. Mencken)“独立战争以前美语就已开始了快速发展”(H.L.门琴)〔Gwinnet〕American Revolutionary patriot primarily known for the value of his few existing autographs.格威纳特，巴顿：(1735?-1777) 美国独立战争时的爱国者，主要以他现存几部有价值的专著而闻名〔Knox〕American Revolutionary soldier who transported 55 captured British cannon from Fort Ticonderoga, New York, to Boston, where George Washington used them to force the British to evacuate the city (1776).诺克斯，亨利：(1750-1806) 美国独立战争中的士兵，他曾把在纽约泰孔德罗加要塞缴获的五十五门大炮运到了波士顿，乔治·华盛顿用这些大炮迫使英国军队撤出该城（1776年）〔Huntington〕American Revolutionary leader. He was president of the Continental Congress (1779-1781 and 1783), a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and governor of Connecticut (1786-1796).亨廷顿，塞缪尔：(1731-1796) 美国独立战争领袖。曾任大陆会议主席(1779至1781年，及1783年），《独立宣言》签字者之一，康涅狄格州州长(1786-1796年）〔Ticonderoga〕A resort village of northeast New York between Lake George and Lake Champlain. Fort Carillon, built by the French in 1755, was taken in 1759 by the British, who renamed it Fort Ticonderoga. American Revolutionary troops captured the fort in May 1775, but it was later abandoned without a struggle to British forces in July 1777 during the Saratoga Campaign.泰孔德罗加：美国纽约东北部一村庄，位于乔治湖与尚普兰湖之间。1755年法国人在这里建造了卡里隆堡，1759年被英国夺取并重新命名为泰孔德罗加堡。1775年5美国独立战争部队占领了这个城堡，但在1777年7月的萨拉托加战役中，该城堡被不战而弃，落入英军手中〔oust〕"the American Revolution, which ousted the English"(Virginia S. Eifert)“将英国人驱逐出境的美国独立战争”(弗吉尼亚S.艾弗特) |
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