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单词 肯定的
释义 〔affirmative〕Asserting that something is true or correct, as with the answer "yes":肯定的:断言某事是真实的或正确的,如回答“是”:〔so〕But in the absence of stylistic motive,this use ofso should be reserved for familiar discourse. · New England speakers often use a negative form such asso didn't where other varieties would use the positiveso did, as inSophie ate all her strawberries and so didn't Amelia. Since this usage may confuse a speaker who has not previously encountered it,it is best avoided in writing.See Usage Note at as 1但是在没有独树一帜的动机时,在相同的讲话中,so 应该少用。 新英格兰地区的人常使用如so didn't 这一否定形式, 而其他地区则用肯定的形式so did , 如在索菲吃了她所有的草莓,亚美利亚没有 中, 由于这种用法可能使以前没有接触过这种用法的人混淆,所以最好还是避免使用 参见 as1〔positive〕a positive answer; positive criticism.肯定的回答;肯定的评论〔absolute〕Not to be doubted or questioned; positive:确凿的,不容置疑的:不容怀疑或质疑的;肯定的〔steady〕Direct and unfaltering; sure.不动摇的:直接的或不动摇的;肯定的〔affirmation〕The act of affirming or the state of being affirmed; assertion.肯定:肯定的行为或被肯定的状态;断言〔litotes〕A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite, as inThis is no small problem. 间接肯定法:用有节制的陈述所构成一种修辞手法,即通过否定其反面来表达肯定的意思,例如在这并不是一个小问题 中 〔regard〕These nouns refer to a feeling based on perception of and a measure of approval for the worth of a person or thing.这些名词指基于对一个人或物的价值肯定的感受及衡量而建立的感情。〔expressly〕In an express or a definite manner; explicitly:明白地,显然地,确切地:快速或肯定的方式地;显示地:〔favorable〕I hope you will give favorable consideration to my suggestion.我希望你对我的建议作出肯定的表示。〔yes〕The wordyes is a good example of how an ordinary and frequently used word can have a complex etymology. We can traceyes back to two Indo-European roots, .i-, a pronominal stem, and .es-, "to be.” From two extended forms of.i-, .yām and .yāi, came the prehistoric Common Germanic forms.jā and jai, which gave us Old Englishgeā, an affirmative particle, the source of Modern Englishyea. The Indo-European root.es- is the source of our forms am and is. From the stem.sī- used to make verb forms in the optative mood, a mood used to express a wish, came the Germanic form.sijai-, which gave us Old Englishsīe, "may it be so.” This form, unlike the sources ofam and is, died out, but before disappearing it had combined with Old Englishgēa to form the compound gēse, the ancestor of our wordyes. Thissīe was destined to have even more of a triumph. Until around 1600yea was used to respond to positive expressions, whereasyes was used to respond to negative expressions. After that timeyes became a response to both positive and negative expressions, yea surviving primarily in voice votes. yes 一词是说明一个普通常用词如何拥有一复杂词源的极好例证。 我们可以追溯yes 到两个印欧语词根, 代名词词干i- 和 es- “是”。 从i-的两种扩展形式,yam 和 yai, 形成了史前普通日耳曼语形式ja 和 jai, 它们又带来了古英语中的肯定虚词gea , 这便是现代英语yea 的来源。 而印欧语词根es- 是我们 am 和 is 两形式的源头。 以is- ,一个用于制造祈愿语气动词的词干, 产生出日尔曼形式sijai-, 并由此形成了古英语sie, “希望如此”。 这种形式不象am 和 is 的词源,已经灭绝了, 但在消失之前,它已经和古英语gea 混合形成复合词 gese, 即我们的单词yes 的前身。 这个sie 注定要获取更大的胜利。 直至1600年左右,yea 还被用于回答肯定的陈述; 而yes 则用于回答否定陈述。 此后,yes 既可作肯定也可否定表达的回答, yea 则主要在口头投票时使用 〔infallible〕Incapable of failing; certain:不会失效的;肯定的〔positive〕Characterized by or displaying certainty, acceptance, or affirmation:肯定的:以确定性、同意或证实为特征的或展现这些特性的:〔bound〕Predetermined; certain:注定的;肯定的〔certainty〕"On the field of battle there are no certainties"(Tom Clancy)“战场没有肯定的事”(汤姆·克兰西)〔Quaalude〕The former trademarkQuaalude for the sedative and hypnotic agent methaqualone is an example of how a product name is carefully chosen for a positive public response.Methaqualone was developed in the 1960's by William H. Rorer, Inc.At that time, the company's best-known product was Maalox,a digestive aidthat derived its name from its ingredients,ma gnesium and al uminum hydr ox ides. To enhance the product recognition of their new sedative drug,the company incorporated theaa of Maalox into the name Quaalude. The other elements of the name are presumed to be a contraction of the phrasequiet interlude, a soothing, even poetic description of the drug's effect.过去作为镇静和催眠的药物的商标Quaalude , 安眠酮,为了取得肯定的公众反应而精心选择产品名称的典型例子。安眠酮是在20世纪60年代由威廉·H·罗乐公司研制出来的。在那时,该公司最著名的产品是Maalox,一种消化酸。它的名字是由镁的前两个字母ma ,铝的前两个字母 a1 ,氢氧化物的中间两个字母 ox 组合而成。 为了提高新安眠药产品的知名度,该公司将Maalox 中的 aa 移植到 Quaalude 。 这个名字的其他元素被假设为这个短语quiet interlude 的缩写,一种抚慰的, 甚至对药效颇具诗意的描绘〔gremlin〕Elves, goblins, and trolls seem to be the timeless creations of the distant past,but gremlins were born in the 20th century.In fact,gremlin is first recorded only in the 1920's, as a Royal Air Force term for a low-ranking officer or enlisted man saddled with oppressive assignments. Said to have been invented by members of the Royal Naval Air Service in World War I,gremlin is used in works written in the 1940's for "an imaginary gnomelike creature who causes difficulties in aircraft.”The word seems likely to have been influenced bygoblin, but accounts of its origin are various and none are certain.One source calls in Fremlin beer bottles to explain the word;another, the Irish Gaelic wordgruaimín, "ill-humored little fellow.” Whatever the word's origin,it is certain that gremlins have taken on a life of their own.小精灵、小妖怪和侏儒似乎很久以前就被创造出来而且流传至今,而小妖精一词则是20世纪的产物。事实上,gremlin 在20世纪20年代首次被记录下来时为皇家空军对一个承受严酷任务的低级军官或征召者的称呼。 据说这是在第一次世界大战中由皇家空军的成员创造出来的。1904年,gremlin 被用在书面的作品中, 意为“一种想象中的在飞机上制造麻烦的小生物。”这个词看起来很有可能受了goblin 一词的影响, 但对其词源说法不一,莫衷一是。一种说法用弗来姆林啤酒瓶来解释这一词;而另一种认为爱尔兰凯尔特语词汇gruaimin 意为“坏脾气的小家伙”为其词源。 不管源自何处,有一点是肯定的,小妖精自身有其生命力〔negative〕Something that lacks all positive, affirmative, or encouraging features; an element that is the counterpoint of the positive:消极物:缺乏所有积极的、肯定的或鼓励的因素的事物;积极的反面观点的元素:〔yea〕An affirmative statement or vote.肯定的陈述:肯定的陈述或表示赞成〔negative〕A feature or characteristic that is not deemed positive, affirmative, or desirable:消极性:不被认为是积极的、肯定的或有利的特色或特点:〔quiz〕Although we do not know the origin of the wordquiz, just as we may not know the answers to all the questions on a quiz,we can say that its first recorded sense has to do with people,not tests.The term, first recorded in 1782,meant "an odd or eccentric person.”From the noun in this sense came a verbmeaning "to make sport or fun of" and "to regard mockingly.”In English dialects and probably in American Englishthe verbquiz acquired senses relating to interrogation and questioning. This presumably occurredbecausequiz was associated with question, inquisitive, or perhaps the English dialect verb quiset, "to question" (probably itself short for obsoleteinquisite, "to investigate"). From this new area of meaning came the noun and verb senses all too familiar to students.The second recorded instance of the noun sense occurs in the writings of no less an educator than William James,who in a December 26, 1867, letter proffers the hopethat "perhaps giving ‘quizzes’ in anatomy and physiology . . . may help along.”虽然我们不知道quiz 这个词的来源, 正象我们可能并不清楚测试中所有问题的答案一样,但我们可以肯定的是这个词最初被记录时的意义与人有关,而不是测试,这个词第一次被记录下来是在1782年,意思为“一个古怪或行为怪诞的人”。从这种意义的名词派生出一个动词,意思为“嘲笑或戏弄…”和“以嘲讽的态度对待”。在英语并且很可能是在美国英语中,quiz 这个动词形成了有关审问或提问的意思, 据猜测,这一现象的发生是因为quiz 使人联想起 question , inquisitive 或者可能 quiset 这个英国方言中的动词, 意思为“提问”(很可能是inquisite 这个过时用语的缩写形式,意思为“调查”)。 从这个意思中派生出学生们再熟悉不 过的名词和动词意思。记录下这个名词意义的第二个例子恰好出现在教育家威廉·詹姆斯的笔下。在1867年12月26日写的一封信中,他提出一条希望:或许在解剖学和物理学方面进行测试…可能有些独特的帮助。”〔emphatic〕Forceful and definite in expression or action.强烈的,肯定的:表达或行为强烈且明确的〔safe〕Free from risk; sure:保险的:没有风险的;肯定的〔strike〕The report struck a positive note in the final paragraph.这份报告在最后一段显示了肯定的语调〔definite〕Indisputable; certain:肯定的:不容置疑的;一定的:〔congratulation〕Often congratulations An expression of such joy or acknowledgment. 常作 congratulations 这种喜悦或肯定的表示方式〔certain〕sudden but sure regret;突然的但肯定的后悔;〔assertion〕Something declared or stated positively, often with no support or attempt at proof.断言:肯定的宣称或陈述,通常没有证据或不试图证实〔insecure〕Not sure or certain; doubtful:不可靠的:不肯定的;怀疑的:〔pro〕Affirmative; supporting:肯定的;支持的:〔stupid〕"It is the dull man who is always sure" (H.L. Mencken).“对事事都肯定的人一定是个不敏锐的人” (H.I.曼肯)。〔ratify〕Latin ratus [fixed] [past participle of] rērī [to reckon, consider] * see rate 1拉丁语 ratus [肯定的] rērī的过去分词 [思考,认为] * 参见 rate1〔doubtless〕Certain; assured.无疑的;肯定的〔affirmation〕Something declared to be true; a positive statement or judgment.证实:被断定是正确的事物;肯定的陈述或判断〔cold〕Marked by unqualified certainty or sure familiarity.肯定的:绝对确定或完全熟悉的
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