| 单词 | 屈服 |
| 释义 | 〔relinquish〕refusing to surrender control.拒绝向控制屈服。〔knuckle〕To yield to pressure; give in.向外界压力作出让步；屈服〔obedient〕Submissive implies an inclination or a willingness to submit without resistance and sometimes with deference to the control of another: Submissive 暗示一种毫无反抗的屈服，而且有时对他人的控制怀有敬意的屈服倾向或意愿： 〔succumb〕from Latin succumbere [to lie under, yield] 源自 拉丁语 succumbere [屈服，认输，躺在…下面] 〔buckle〕To succumb, as to exhaustion or authority; give in:让步，屈服：由于精疲力竭或由于权威而屈服；让步：〔stickler〕One who insists on something unyieldingly:倔强的人：毫不屈服地坚持某事的人：〔foursquare〕a foursquare refusal to yield.坚定不移地拒绝屈服〔take〕To submit to (something inflicted); endure:屈服，忍受：听任（所遭受的某物）；忍受：〔break〕To give up resistance; give way:放弃抵抗；屈服：〔renitent〕Reluctant to yield or be swayed; recalcitrant.顽强的：拒绝屈服或动摇的；桀骜不驯的〔prostrate〕Lying face down, as in submission or adoration.俯伏的：面朝下躺着，好象是屈服或崇拜〔accommodationist〕One that compromises with or adapts to the viewpoint of the opposition:妥协迁就者：屈服或听从相反的意见：〔bow〕To bend (the head, knee, or body) to express greeting, consent, courtesy, acknowledgment, submission, or veneration.鞠躬：弯曲（头、膝或身体）以表达问候、满意、谦恭、感谢、屈服或崇敬〔stare〕To cause to waver or give in by or as if by staring.盯得局促不安：盯视或仿佛盯视而导致动摇或屈服〔give〕To yield to change:让步，妥协：屈服以改变：〔bow〕To yield in defeat or out of courtesy; submit.See Synonyms at yield 谦让，引退：因失败或出于礼貌而让步；屈服 参见 yield〔bow〕To incline the body or head or bend the knee in greeting, consent, courtesy, acknowledgment, submission, or veneration.鞠躬，点头：在问候、满意、谦恭、感谢、屈服或崇拜时屈身低头或屈膝〔yield〕"I will be conquered;I will not capitulate [to illness] ” (Samuel Johnson). “我将被征服；我不会屈服”［于疾病］ ” （塞缪尔·约翰逊）。〔yield〕To give way to pressure or force:放弃，屈服：让步于压力或武力：〔cave〕To give up all opposition; yield:屈服：放弃所有的对抗；屈服：〔quail〕Middle English quailen [to give way] 中古英语 quailen [让路，屈服] 〔yield〕 Succumb strongly suggests submission to something overpowering or overwhelming: Succumb 强烈暗示屈服不可一世的或无法抵抗的事物： 〔submission〕The state of having submitted.See Synonyms at surrender 屈服，服从 参见 surrender〔give〕Capacity or inclination to yield under pressure.支持不住：在压力下屈服的能力或倾向〔capitulate〕To give up all resistance; acquiesce.See Synonyms at yield 屈服：放弃所有抵抗；同意 参见 yield〔hooker〕In hisPersonal Memoirs Ulysses S. Grant described Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker as "a dangerous man . . . not subordinate to his superiors.” Hooker had his faults, of course.He may indeed have been insubordinate;undoubtedly he was an erratic leader.But there is one thing of which he is often accused that "Fighting Joe" Hooker certainly did not do:he did not give his name to prostitutes.According to a popular story,the men under Hooker's command during the Civil War were a particularly wild bunch.When his troops were on leave,we are told, they spent much of their time in brothels.For this reason, as the story goes,prostitutes came to be known ashookers. It is not difficult to understand how such a theory might have originated.The major general's name differs from the wordhooker only in the capital letter that begins it. And it is true that Hooker's men were at times ill-disciplined (although it seems that liquor, not women, was the main source of their difficulties with the provost marshal).However attractive this theory may be,it cannot be true.The wordhooker, with the sense "prostitute,” is in fact older than the Civil War. It appeared in the second edition (although not in the first) of John Russell Bartlett'sDictionary of Americanisms, published in 1859.Bartlett definedhooker as "a strumpet, a sailor's trull.” He also said that the word was derived from Corlear's Hook,a district in New York City,but this was only a guess.There is no evidence that the term originated in New York.Norman Ellsworth Eliason has traced this use ofhooker back to 1845 in North Carolina. He reported the usage inTarheel Talk; an Historical Study of the English Language in North Carolina to 1860, published in 1956. The fact that we have no earlier written evidence does not mean thathooker was never used to mean "prostitute" before 1845. The history ofhooker is, quite simply, murky; we do not know when or where it was first used,but we can be very certain that it did not begin with Joseph Hooker.Also, we have no firm evidence that it came from Corlear's Hook.Scholarly evidence or lack thereof notwithstanding,the late Bruce Catton, the Civil War historian, did not go so far as to exonerate completely the Union general.Although "the term ‘hooker’ did not originate during the Civil War,”wrote Catton, "it certainly became popular then.During these war years, Washington developed a large [red-light district] somewhere south of Constitution Avenue.This became known as Hooker's Division in tribute to the proclivities of General Joseph Hookerand the name has stuck ever since.”If the termhooker was derived neither from Joseph Hooker nor from Corlear's Hook, what is its derivation?It is most likely that thishooker is, etymologically, simply "one who hooks.” The term portrays a prostitute as a person who hooks, or snares, clients.尤利西斯·S·格兰特在他的个人回忆录 中把陆军少将约瑟夫·胡克描写成“一个危险人物…从不服从于他的顶头上司”。 胡克当然有他的缺点。他也许曾是一个难以屈服的人；但他无疑是一个怪癖的军官。但是“好战的乔”，胡克却因为一件他肯定没有干过的事情而屡遭指责；他从不对妓女透露他的姓名。根据一个流行故事，内战中胡克的手下有一伙特别狂野的人们。当他的队伍即将离开时，据说他们总在妓院里消磨时日。故事还说正因为如此，妓女开始被叫做hookers。 我们不难理解这样一个故事的起源的推测。这个将军的名字和hooker 只差开头的一个大写字母。 而且胡克的手下在当时确实纪律涣散（尽管看来是酒而非女人才导致了他们与宪兵司令之间的矛盾）。不管这个故事多么诱人，它不可能是真实的。事实上hooker 一词作为“妓女”的意思比内战的历史还要早。 它出现于约翰·罗素·巴特利特编纂的美国俗语词典 的第二版（尽管第一版中没有）， 出版于1859年。巴特利特把hooker 定义为“一个妓女，水手的妓女”。 他还说这个词来源于科利尔的胡克，纽约市的一个地区，但这只是一个猜想。没有证据证明这一说法源于纽约。诺曼·爱尔斯华斯·艾利森把hooker 的用法追溯到1845年的北卡罗来纳州。 他在1956年出版的北卡罗来纳州闲话； 1860年前北卡罗来纳英语历史研究 中说明了这一用法。 缺乏早期书面证据这一事实并不意味着在1845年之前hooker 没有被用作“妓女”一义。 很简单，hooker 的历史隐晦难知； 我们不知道它在何时何地被首次使用，但我们可以肯定它并不始于约瑟夫·胡克。而且我们没有确凿证据证明它来源于科利尔的胡克。不管有无学术性的证据，已故的内战历史学家布鲁斯·卡通并没有做到为联邦将军彻底开脱的地步。尽管“‘hooker’这一词语并不是来源于内战，”卡通写道，“在那之后它肯定流行了起来。在战争年代，华盛顿在宪法大街南部某个地方发展了很大的［红灯区］。人们把这里称作胡克的辖区，作为对约瑟夫·胡克将军怪癖的献礼，这个名字从此便生根发芽”。如果hooker 这一词语既不是源于约瑟夫·胡克也不来自于科利尔的胡克， 那么它的词源究竟是什么呢?从词源学上来说hooker 很有可能仅仅是“引…上钩的人”。 这一词语把妓女描绘成一个勾引或引诱客人的人〔surrender〕To relinquish possession or control of to another because of demand or compulsion.屈服，投降：因为要求或强迫而把对…的所有权和控制权让予他人〔grand〕a grand old face that bespeaks suffering but not defeat.一张高贵的苍老面孔带着忍受而非屈服〔bow〕An inclination of the head or body, as in greeting, consent, courtesy, acknowledgment, submission, or veneration.鞠躬：在问候、满意、谦恭、感谢、屈服或崇敬时俯首或屈身〔yield〕"Bow and accept the end/Of a love" (Robert Frost).Todefer is to yield out of respect or in recognition of another's authority, knowledge, or judgment: “屈服并接受爱情的结局” （罗伯特·弗罗斯特）。defer 是指出于尊重或对他人权威、才学或判断的认可而让步： 〔relinquish〕Resign suggests unresisting submission or acquiescence, as that arising from hopelessness: Resign 暗示着不抵抗的屈服或默认，如因为毫无希望而产生的： 〔urge〕"Isaacs hesitated long,but as everyone pressed him in turn,he yielded at last" (Francis Marion Crawford).“艾萨克斯犹豫了很长时间，但在每个人轮流向他施压的情况下，他最终屈服了” （弗兰西斯·玛丽昂·克劳福德）。〔succumb〕To submit to an overpowering force or yield to an overwhelming desire; give up or give in.See Synonyms at yield 屈从，服从：向强大力量屈服或向强烈欲望屈服；放弃或屈服 参见 yield〔buxom〕from būgan [to bend, submit] * see bheug- 源自 būgan [屈服，投降] * 参见 bheug- 〔reject〕To refuse to accept, submit to, believe, or make use of.拒绝：拒绝接受，屈服，相信或使用〔vulnerable〕Liable to succumb, as to persuasion or temptation.易诱惑的，易受影响的：易于屈服的，如受到劝说或诱惑〔bring〕To reduce to a position of subservience or submission.下跪：一种表示恭顺，屈服的降低姿势〔yield〕"I didn't succumb without a struggle to my uncle's allurements" (H.G. Wells).See also Synonyms at produce ,relinquish “我对叔叔的诱惑未作任何反抗便屈服了” (H.G.威尔斯） 参见同义词 produce,relinquish〔indomitable〕Latin domitāre [to tame] [frequentative of] domāre [to subdue] * see demə- 拉丁语 domitāre [驯化] domāre的重复动词 [屈服] * 参见 demə- 〔give〕To yield to urging or demand; give in.放弃激励或要求；屈服，让步 |
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